Citing Sources Quoting and Paraphrasing

1
Citing Sources Quoting and Paraphrasing

• Dr. Russell Willerton
• English 202
• Boise State University

2
Documenting Research

• Part of being an ethical writer and worker is to
  give credit to your sources of information.
• Having a list of sources makes you look smarter
  and more resourceful.
• Using someone elses work without giving credit
  is plagiarism, even if you intended to cite a
  source.
• Always err on the side of caution be sure to
  identify the source.

3
Documenting Research

• What should you document?
• Any source from which you use exact wording.
• Any source from which you adapt material in your
  own words or cite statistics.
• Any source for a visual illustration note
  visuals are not required for our papers.

4
Documenting Research

• Items that typically come from outside sources
  (i.e., things Dr. Willerton will read extra
  closely)
• Exact wording/direct quotes.
• Statistics percentages, totals, estimated
  quantities, etc.
• Visuals (tables, graphs, pictures, etc.) note
  visuals are not required for our papers

5
Documenting Research

• Two-step process
• Parenthetical references in the text.
• References list at the end for APA style
  Works Cited for MLA style.
• For our reports, you may choose between MLA or
  APA style. MLA is mostly for papers in English
  departments APA style is used by many
  professions and academic disciplines.
• See the Appendix for MLA and APA styles.

6
Parenthetical References

• Information you need in the sentence or in
  parentheses
• Author(s) (Smith 32)
• If you cite more than one source from the author,
  in MLA format only, include the first word of the
  title. Ex (Smith Triumph 32).
• Year only APA style uses the year (Smith,
  2002, p. 32)
• Page number(s)
• Remember that web sources and articles printed
  from databases do not have page numbers in paren.
  refs.
• APA uses p. and pp. in parenthetical refs,
  but MLA does not.

7
Parenthetical References

• MLA Examples
• According to Brown, The modern university is
  quite similar to those of antiquity (324).
• Paraphrase
• Some say that the modern university resembles
  those of ancient times (Brown 324).

8
Parenthetical References

• APA Examples
• According to Brown, The modern university is
  quite similar to those of antiquity (2002, p.
  324).
• Paraphrase
• Some say that the modern university resembles
  those of ancient times (Brown, 2002, p. 324).

9
Incorporating Quotes and Paraphrases

• Introduce information that you get from another
  source. Explain to the reader why the information
  is important.
• Examples
• According to wildlife biologist Aaron Fisher,
  paraphrase or quote goes here, followed by a
  parenthetical citation for the source.
• A report from the US Department of Education
  points out some alarming trends paraphrase or
  quote goes here, followed by a parenthetical
  citation for the source.

10
Incorporating Quotes and Paraphrases

• When should you paraphrase a source, and when
  should you use direct quotes? See pp. 575ff.
• Use direct quotes for information that is phrased
  in a unique or distinctive way. If you can put
  something in your own words, usually you should.
• Statistics should usually be paraphrased.
• Cite sources for quotes and paraphrases! Follow
  APA or MLA style.

11
Incorporating Quotes and Paraphrases

• See pages 575-578 for guidelines on quoting and
  paraphrasing information. Review the examples
  there.

12
Bibliographical References Books

• MLA
• Brown, John. Universities Old and New. New York
  Hudson P, 2002.
• APA
• Brown, J. (2002). Universities Old and New. New
  York Hudson Press.

13
References Documenting Personal Interviews

• MLA
• Smith said the experience was the best ever
  (Smith).
• Smith, Emmitt. Professional football player.
  Personal interview. Irving, TX. 1 April 2003.
• APA uses parenthetical reference only
• Smith said the experience was the best ever (E.
  Smith, personal interview, April 1, 2003).

14
Documenting Websites

• http//www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/internet/04/01/web.na
  tions.reut/index.html
• Title Survey Sweden beats U.S. as top Web-savvy
  nation
• Author none given
• Parenthetical references
• MLA (Survey) APA (Survey, 2003)

15
Documenting Websites

• http//www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/internet/04/01/web.na
  tions.reut/index.html
• MLA
• Survey Sweden beats U.S. as top Web-savvy
  nation. 1 April 2003. Online. 2 April 2003.
  nations.reut/index.html.
• APA
• Survey Sweden beats U.S. as top Web-savvy
  nation. (2003, April 1). Retrieved April 2, 2003,
  from http//www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/internet/04/01/
  web.nations.reut/index.html.

16
Recap Documenting Research

• Document these things in your reports
• Any source from which you use exact wording Any
  source from which you adapt material in your own
  words (paraphrase) or cite statistics
• Any source for a visual illustration
• Anyone you interview or who sends you an e-mail
  that you quote from.