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Research Paper Requirements

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Title: Research Paper Requirements


1
Research Paper Requirements Quotation and
Citation
  • Basics and Error Correction
  • 2006
  • Ref. http//www.eng.fju.edu.tw/research/documentat
    ion.html

2
Outline
  • Requirements
  • Quotation Purposes and Kinds
  • establish credibility
  • Kinds Separated Integrated
  • Avoid wordiness
  • Altering the original text.
  • Work(s) Cited
  • Citing Electronic Sources
  • Citing Chinese Sources
  • Others

3
Requirements
  • The final paper will be at least 7 typed pages .
  • MLA format (e.g. "Works Cited" and internal
    citation) will be followed.
  • Plagiarism will be penalized with a grade of zero
    on the final paper.
  • The thesis statement of your paper must be in
    your introduction, and it should be clearly
    supported in the body of your paper.
  • There is a minimum of six sources
  • at least one print medium
  • at least one non-print medium

4
Quotation
  • Purposes avoid plagiarism, increase credibility
    by giving evidence or support, for close
    analysis.
  • Kinds paraphrase and direct quote (further
    divided into separated and integrated)
  • Things to Consider avoiding wordiness and
    over-quoting, punctuation transition, using
    ellipses and brackets () for alterations of
    sources.

5
Quotation (1) establish critical context and
increase credibility
  • Structure
  • Introduction raises your question and present
    your thesis statement
  • Body
  • related background and critical context
  • Your response to existing criticismwhich is your
    argument.

6
Quotation increase credibility and establish
critical context e.g.
  • Structure
  • Introduction Is cosplay an eccentric game or a
    form of youth culture and art.
  • Body
  • Context
  • Cosplay in Taiwan since 1997
  • The studies of Cosplay see next page.
  • Your response to existing criticismwhich is your
    argument.

7
Quotation increase credibility and establish
critical context e.g.2
  • Cosplay has been the subculture of subcultures
    (Li qtd in Shu-bau). As subculture, it is
    inevitable that most people tend to see cosplay
    as either weird or fancy. However, recently,
    both cosplay and doujinshi (???) have been more
    and more the focus of public attention. The
    recent publication of Cosplay the Secret Garden
    of Doujinshi, for instance, interviews cosplayers
    and discusses its forms of art from four
    photographers perspectives. However, as
    subculture, there is still a danger of its being
    co-opted as commercial or misunderstood as a mere
    waste of time and money.

8
Work Cited
  • Shu-bau ??. Ban-zhuang ian-jiou de fa-zhang.
    The Development of
    Cosplay Studies. June 23 2005.
    2005880055211069.html. April 24, 2006.
  • ?????. COSPLAY????????? ???????2005. ?
    Romanization practice.

9
Quotation (2) Kinds separated and integrated
  • First of all, I am going to define what
    meditation is. Meditation is the act in which
    people stop their minds from being disturbed by
    the noisy environment.effects With the complete
    relaxation of both body and mind, meditators
    reach the state of clearness of mind. effects
    There are many different religions that practiced
    meditation, and thus various postures. The most
    common one is to sit cross-legged with hands
    naturally on the legs.how

10
Quotation (2) Kinds integrated
  • Meditation, according to World Wide Meditation
    Center, is consciously directing ones
    attention to alter ones state of
    consciousness in order to reach a state of
    mental quietness and clearness. The most common
    posture is to sit cross-legged, and then to
    follow the meditation words, music or simply
    ones own mind to relax the mind and maintain its
    equilibrium.

11
Quotation (2) Kinds separated
  • Elementary school students who do not have
    enough exposure to English language are not
    supposed to take grammar instruction. The
    acquisition of a grammar takes place naturally
    and inevitably, providing learners experience
    appropriate opportunities for hearing and using
    the L2. (22) Moreover, Hughes pointed out that
    even a learner never had the opportunity to
    receive instruction, he/she could still acquire
    some basic grammatical rules for ordering
    elements in the English noun phrase (?).
    From this perspective, grammar instruction again
    should not need to apply to elementary school
    students, and as a result, needless to say in the
    conversation class.

12
Quotation (2) Kinds separatedrev.
  • Elementary school students who do not have
    enough exposure to English language are not
    supposed to take grammar instruction. The
    acquisition of a grammar takes place naturally
    and inevitably, providing learners appropriate
    opportunities for hearing and using the L2.
    Moreover, even if a learner never has the
    opportunity to receive grammar instruction,
    he/she could still acquire some basic grammatical
    rules for ordering elements in the English noun
    phrase (Hughes 22).. . . In other words, it is
    important for children in elementary school
    students, and especially in the conversation
    class to acquire the language in some lively ways
    and enjoy doing it, instead of memorizing
    grammatical rules.

13
Quotation (3) avoiding mis-quoting
  • Multiple Entry Program
  • Possible thesis
  • Apparently, students here seem to get equal
    opportunities to enter college however, students
    of different family backgrounds have different
    social, financial, and cultural resources, which
    get counted more in the application and screening
    channels than in the traditional Joint Entrance
    Exam. In this paper, I will prove this argument
    both on the theoretical level and by examining
    the examples available.

14
Quotation (2) Multiple Entry Program
  • Social Resources
  • a. definition inside and outside the family
  • b. influences on childrens learning
  • c. influences on Multiple Entry
  • d. What discriminatory elements can be avoided.

15
Quotation (2) Multiple Entry Program --influence
(1)
  • If parents are active in participating
    school activities or other interpersonal
    reactions and communications, then the family has
    a better social resource outside the family,
    which can contribute to childrens learning
    positively. From Chens research, social resource
    within the family and outside the family
    influences positively both students studies and
    academic achievement. She points out in his
    research that, generally, parents from higher
    social status are more active in participating in
    childrens learning, which includes the frequent
    interactions between parents and teachers, and
    instructions or even help offered to help
    children do homework or prepare for exams (qtd.
    in Yi-Jing Chen 105). In other words, generally,
    parents from higher social status have more
    social resources both within the family and
    outside the family.

16
Quotation (2) Multiple Entry Program --influence
(1)rev.
  • The social resources students need in their
    education comes mostly from their family. As
    Coleman points out, parents can play an active
    role inside the family to offer children
    guidance in study, and outside the family in
    participating in school activities and
    interacting with the teachers, both of which can
    contribute to childrens learning positively.
    Following Coleman, a few researchers in Taiwan
    study the influences on elementary school
    children of parents care and discipline, their
    guidance and their expectation. (examples)
    Although not much has been done on the social
    resources outside the family, it is generally
    proved that children from better family
    backgrounds have more social resources to move on
    to middle education. (Chen 105-06).

17
Quotation (2) Multiple Entry Program --influence
(2)
  • What if parents of higher social status have
    better relationship with teachers than other
    parents? Will it not affect teachers when giving
    grades, adding extra points, or assigning class
    cadre members? The experience of being class
    cadre members may add points to the interviews in
    Application and Skimming-Scanning channels.
    Moreover, the number of applicants for
    Skimming-Scanning channel is limited. What if
    there are many qualified applicants who to apply
    for the same department in same university? Who
    will be chosen among them? It is obvious that
    students parents who are school committee
    members, or school teachers and so on, will be
    chosen at last. Those students have more
    advantages than others because of they own social
    resources (qtd. in Yi-Jing Chen 110). ?????

18
Quotation (2) Multiple Entry Program
influence (2)rev.
  • How do students social resources influence them
    in their trying the multiple entry program? In
    Chens study of high-school entrance exams, she
    points out that students with better social
    resources can be in an advantageous position
    because their good relations with the teachers
    may help them in school to get higher grades and
    be elected as class cadres. Moreover, in direct
    entry and recommendation channels, there are such
    subjective elements as choice of recommended
    students, the writing of recommendation letter
    and the interview, all of which can benefit a
    student with better social skills and social
    connections than those without. (qtd. in Yi-Jing
    Chen 110). ?????

19
Quotation methods 1) indent the long quote
  • e.g. on Andersons symbols of shoes and feet
  • The Red Shoes It is significant to notice
    that this symbol of shoes is not a positive
    one, for it represents the things those
    characters do not have and thus long for. Karen,
    the little girl in The Red Shoes, is punished for
    coveting the red shoes and wearing them at
    inappropriate occasionsher mothers funeral. She
    loses her feet, yet she learns a lesson. The
    lesson, however, is learned at the expense of her
    life. As she sits in the pastors house and
    listens to some childrens singing a hymn

20
Quotation methods (1) indent the long quote
(2) do not quote without your own interpretation
  • The organ played and the childrens voices
    in the choir sounded soft and lovely. The bright
    warm sunshine streamed through the window into
    the pew where Karen sat, and her heart became so
    filled with it, so filled with peace and joy,
    that it broke. Her soul flew on the sunbeams to
    Heaven, and no one was there who asked after the
    Red Shoes. (underline added)
  • In the soft and lovely church music, Karen feels
    blessed by the
  • sunshine, which both fills her heart with peace
    and joy and
  • breaks it. In other words, to go to Heaven,
    Karen has to get
  • her heart broken and the red shoes completely
    forgotten.
  • Forbidden by both the church and Heaven, red
    shoes and
  • dancing in them thus signify womens illicit
    desire for self and
  • bodily assertion.

21
Quotation Transition and Avoiding Wordiness

22
Use Internal Citation to avoid
wordiness
  • Based on the dissertation, A Historical Analysis
    of Coffee Consumption in Taiwan written by
    Fan-ting, the development of coffee can be
    divided into three major periods first is from
    1930 to 1960, second is form 1960 to 1980 and the
    third is from 1980 to 1990. (41, 82, 122)

23
Errors fixed
  • Based on the dissertation written by Fang-ting, A
    Historical Analysis of Coffee Consumption in
    Taiwan, the development of coffee can be divided
    into three major periods the first is from 1930
    to 1960, the second is from 1960 to 1980 and the
    third is from 1980 to 1990 (41, 82, 122).

24
Internal Citation
  • The development of coffee in Taiwan can be
    divided into three major periods first, from
    1930 to 1960, second, from 1960 to 1980, and
    third, from 1980 to 1990 (Fan 41, 82, 122).

25
Internal Citation Transition Avoiding
wordiness
  • Though its future is yet uncertain, I
    believe only with creative innovation can Chinese
    opera retain its unique beauty. Like what Mei
    Lanfang said
  • ????????????????????????,??????????????????,?
    ???????????????????????????????????,??????????????
    ?????,??????????? (qtd. Chang 44)?
  • Chinese opera still has its way out in this
    modern society and under the powerful pressure of
    western theatrical systems as long as it changes.

26
Internal Citation Transition Avoiding
wordiness rev.
  • Although its future is yet uncertain, I
    believe that only with creative innovation can
    Chinese opera retain its unique beauty. Creative
    adaptation, as Mei Lanfang pointed out, means
    changing those social ideas and aesthetic
    concepts contradictory to those of our society,
    while retaining the basic format and uniqueness
    of this aesthetic tradition. It means both
    meeting both modern peoples sense of beauty, and
    maintaining the harsh training of traditional
    skills (qtd. in Chang 44). This, I believe, is
    what Chinese opera must go through in order to
    withstand the powerful invasion of western
    theatrical and films systems.

27
Quotation e.g. altering the original texts.
  • First of all, the news is subjective, spoken
    by a person, strongly affirmed by Margaret
    Morse, a Professor of Film and Video at UC Santa
    Cruz.
  • First of all, the news, as Margaret Morse points
    out, is subjective, spoken by a person (?).
  • Inevitably, news broadcast is subjective, spoken
    by a person (Morse ?) integrated quotation.

28
Citing Electronic Sources Remember the date
of access
  • Walker, Janice Todd Taylor. Basic CGOS
  • Style. The Columbia Guide to Online
    Style.
  • Columbia UP, 1998. Oct. 28 2005.
    l.
  • Flannagan, Roy. "Reflections on Milton and
    Ariosto. Early Modern Literary Studies 2.3
    (1996) 12-45. 16 pars. 22 Feb. 2006
    anmilt.html.

29
Citing Chinese Sources Dont be afraid of
troubles!
  • Tsai, Wen-fang (???). ???????-???????????.
    ????????. 2000, 32 147-69.
  • (In Tong-Yong system)
  • Cai, Wen-fang ???. Sing-ba-ke ren de dan-sheng
    (The Birth of the
    Starbuck-ers An Interpretation of the Spaces of
    Urban Coffee Consumption). Shih-da di-li
    za-jhih bau-gau (????????) 32 (2000) 147-69.

30
Practice
  • ??? Chen Ju-rueng??????????. Extra Credit,
    Extra Pressure to Aboriginal students Chinatimes
    Foundation 16Aug. 1999. 5 Oct. 2005.
    6_09.htm.

31
Practice -- correction
  • Chen, Ju-Rong ???. Lien-kao jia-fen jia-zhung
    xue-sheng ya-li. Extra Credit,
    Extra Pressure to Aboriginal students.
    Chinatimes Foundation 16 Aug. 1999. 5 Oct. 2005
    816_09.htm.

32
Work Cited Anything wrong?
  • Flash, Grandmaster. Grand Master Flashs
  • Definition of Hip Hop. DaveyDs Hip
    Hop
  • Corner. 19 April 2006.
    .
  • Forman, Murray. The Hood Comes First.
  • Middletown Wesleyan University Press,
  • 2002. 23-42.
  • Forman, Murray. The Hood Comes First.
  • Middletown, IL Wesleyan UP, 2002.

33
Reference
  • Romanization of Chinese Citation
    http//www.eng.fju.edu.tw/research/documentation_c
    hinese.html
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