Documentation: Citing

1
Documentation Citing Referencing Your Research

• An Overview of the
• MLA and APA Styles

2
The MLA Style

• Modern Language Association style is most
  commonly used in the Humanities

3
What are the Humanities?

• At Nipissing
• Classical Studies
• English Studies
• Film
• Fine Arts
• French
• Music

• Philosophy
• Religious Studies
• Russian
• Spanish
• Culture and the Arts

4
Common MLA bibliographical format

• Commonly called Works Cited
• Author LN, FN. Title of Work. City Publisher,
  date.
• Example
• Frazer, James George. The Golden Bough A Study
  in Magic and Religion. New York Macmillian, 1922.

Italics or Underline
Note Hanging Indent
Note punctuation its important!
5
Some examples
MLA style

• Two authors and new edition
• Strunk, William, Jr., and E. B. White. The
  Elements of Style. 3rd ed. New York Macmillian,
  1979.
• More than three authors
• Carter, Carol et al. Keys to Success How to
  Achieve Your Goals. 3rd Canadian ed. Toronto
  Pearson, 2004.
• Government or Corporate author
• Ontario. Ontario Ministry of Education. Ontario
  Teacher Qualifying Test Registration Bulletin
  2003/2004. Toronto Queens Printer for Ontario,
  2003.

6
More examples
MLA style

• Newspaper
• Naylor, Peter. Veterans offer trip back in
  time. The North Bay Nugget 11 Nov. 2004 A2.
• Unsigned article
• School buses need restraints - coroner. The
  North Bay Nugget 11 Nov. 2004 A4.
• Magazine
• Johnston, Ann Dowsett. How grads grade their
  schools. Macleans 15 Nov. 2004 26-34.

7
Even more
MLA style

• Journal
• Hitchcock, Chuck and Skip Stahl. Assistive
  technology, universal design, universal design
  for learning improved learning opportunities.
  Journal of Special Education Technology 184
  (Fall 2003) 45-52.
• Pamphlet
• Northern Ontario Assessment and Resource Centre
  (NOARC) at Cambrian College. About Assessments.
  Sudbury Cambrian College, 2004.
• Interview
• Bajewsky, Ingrid. Personal Interview, 11 Nov.
  2004.

8
Online content
MLA style

• Personal site
• Chase, Ted. Ted Chases Homepage. 30 Aug. 2004.
  11 Nov. 2004 dc/.
• Professional site
• Ministry of Education and Ministry of Training,
  Colleges and Universities Home. 10 Nov. 2004. The
  Queens Printer for Ontario. 11 Nov. 2004
  .
• Electronic journal (from a full-text data base)
• Vukovic, Rose K., Alexander M. Wilson and Kevin
  K. Nash. Naming Speed Deficits in Adults with
  Reading Disabilities A Test of the
  Double-Deficit Hypothesis." Journal of Learning
  Disabilities 375 440-451 (2004). EBSCO Host 12
  Nov. 2004 .

9
Citing references in your work
MLA style

• Simple citation
• In a recent poll Nipissing University was
  ranked first in Student Services, fourth in
  Teaching and Instruction and fifth in The
  Learning Environment (Johnston 29-30).

10
More citing
MLA style

• Johnson goes on to state that in terms of Student
  Services that the Primarily Undergraduate
  universities topped the charts (33).
• The Macleans survey is an annual review/ranking
  of universities across the country. (Why did I
  not cite this?)

11
The MLA Style

• American Psychological Association style is most
  commonly used in the Social Sciences

12
What are the Social Sciences?

• At Nipissing
• Anthropology
• Child Family Studies
• Economics
• Gender Equality Social Justice
• Geography
• History

• Law Justice
• Native Studies
• Political Science
• Psychology
• Social Welfare
• Sociology

Although these disciplines may be considered
social sciences, some may use other documentation
styles such as Chicago. Always check with your
faculty to determine which documentation style
you should use.
13
Common APA bibliographical format

• Commonly called References
• Author LN, I. (date). Title of Work. City
  Publisher.
• Example
• Frazer, J. G. (1922). The Golden Bough A Study
  in Magic and Religion. New York Macmillian.

Title in italics or underline
Authors last name initial(s)
Date now comes after author
Note hanging indent
14
Some examples
APA style

• Two authors and new edition
• Strunk, W. Jr., White, E. B. (1979). The
  Elements of Style. 3rd ed. New York Macmillian.
• More than three authors
• Carter, C., Bishop, J., Kravits, S. L., Maurin,
  P. J. (2004). Keys to Success How to Achieve
  Your Goals. 3rd Canadian ed. Toronto Pearson.
• Government or Corporate author
• Ontario. Ontario Ministry of Education. (2003).
  Ontario Teacher Qualifying Test Registration
  Bulletin 2003/2004. Toronto Queens Printer for
  Ontario.

15
More examples
APA style

• Newspaper
• Naylor, P. (2004, November 11). Veterans offer
  trip back in time. The North Bay Nugget, p. A2.
• Unsigned article
• (2004, November 11). School buses need restraints
  - coroner. The North Bay Nugget, p. A4.
• Magazine
• Johnston, A. D. (2004, November 15). How grads
  grade their schools. Macleans 117 (46), 26-34.

16
Even more
APA style

• Journal
• Hitchcock, C. Stahl, S. (2003). Assistive
  technology, universal design, universal design
  for learning improved learning opportunities.
  Journal of Special Education Technology, 18 (4),
  45-52.
• Pamphlet
• Northern Ontario Assessment and Resource Centre
  (NOARC) at Cambrian College. (2004) About
  Assessments. Sudbury Cambrian College.
• Interview
• Bajewsky, Ingrid. (November 11, 2004). Personal
  Interview.

17
Online content
APA style

• Personal site
• Chase, Ted. (2004, August 30). Ted Chases
  Homepage. Retrieved November 11, 2004, from
  http//www.nipissingu.ca/faculty/tedc/
• Professional site
• Ministry of Education and Ministry of Training,
  Colleges and Universities Home. (2004, November
  10). Retrieved November 11, from
  http//www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/welcome.htm
• Electronic journal (from a full-text data base)
• Vukovic, R. K., Wilson, A. M., Nash, K. K.
  (2004). Naming Speed Deficits in Adults with
  Reading Disabilities A Test of the
  Double-Deficit Hypothesis. Journal of Learning
  Disabilities 37 (5), 440-451. Retrieved November
  12, 2004 from EBSCO Host database.

18
Citing references in your work
APA style

• Simple citation
• In a recent poll Nipissing University was
  ranked first in Student Services, fourth in
  Teaching and Instruction and fifth in The
  Learning Environment (Johnston, 2004).

19
More citing
APA style

• Johnson goes on to state that in terms of Student
  Services that the Primarily Undergraduate
  universities topped the charts (2004).
• The Macleans survey is an annual review/ranking
  of universities across the country. (Why did I
  not cite this?)