Title: Planning Information Systems
1Planning Information Systems
- Michael A. McAdamsGeography Department
- Fatih UniversityIstanbul, Turkey
2Questions that Planners should be able to respond
- In which planning areas is population growth
occurring? - When is the growth rate expected to change?
- How much population increase has occured since
the last census? - What impacts wiil the new growth rate have on the
demand for land and public facilities? - What if the rate rate changes sooner than
expected? - Who benifits from growth in a certain area?
- How will a new industry or commercial development
affect the urban economy? - How do we deal with urban restructuring? (i.e.,
transition from industrial to post-industrial,
agricultural to industrial) - What areas will be prone to flooding?
- What areas are environmentaly sensitive? (i.e.,
watersheds, land slide areas, streams, forests
etc.)
Source Kaiser et al., 1995, Urban Land Use
Planning, Fourth Edition.
3Introduction
- Data is one of the most essential elements for
planners - Planners are charged with collecting, processing
and analysis of data and information from
various sources and presenting and disseminating
it to decision-makers and the public - Increasingly data comes in the form of digital
data to be used in spatial and non-spatial
databases - Planners must be aware of existing and proposed
regulations by various organizations that may
affect the organizations that they are serving - Although sometimes a difficult task among the
hectic day of planners, they have to keep abrest
of the urban planning research - Grants, funding scenarios and budgeting have
become an essential part of the role of planners
which require research skills and access to
various data
4Data Management Issues
- Locus of controlwho is controlling the data
- Interests served
- Cordinating information providers and users
Source Kaiser et al., 1995, Urban Land Use
Planning, Fourth Edition.
5Planning Information
- Manually drawn maps
- Excel Spreadsheets
- Geographic Informaiton Systems and Remote Sensing
- Non-spatial database systems (budgeting etc.)
- Most regional and urban governments will
increasingly use computerized database systems
6Open Information
- As governmental agencies are processing more
information they are becoming more open and being
used as a resource for public agencies, the
private sector and the public - City of Los Angeles online GIShttp//www.lacity.
org/lacity197.htm
7Public and Private Sector Information Requirements
- User Information
- Governmental
- Land planner Land supply/demand indicators
(including all the following) - Tax assessor Land value use, amount,
characteristics - Building inspector Development permits and
project status - Engineering Public facility location,
capability, status - Budget and finance Capital improvements funding,
status - Parks and recreation Open space inventory and
population growth - Public safety Incident location, response
management - Emergency management Hazard locations, mitigation
programs - Chief executive Governmental demand, resources,
policies - Elected official Public development issues,
impacts - Private-sector
- Developer and builder Land regulations and
infrastructure - Realtor and appraiser Land availability and
development potential - Engineer and architect Land characteristics,
services, codes - Environmental advocate Natural resource e
systems, development impact - Neighborhood advocate Social use pat patterns
development impacts - Nonaligned citizen Costs/benefits of land use
changes/proposals
Source Kaiser et al., 1995, Urban Land Use
Planning, Fourth Edition.
8Information Systems Alternatives
Source Kaiser et al., 1995, Urban Land Use
Planning, Fourth Edition.
9System Implementation
- Step 1 Planning and Coordination
- Step 2 Selection of hardware, software, support
staff - Step 3 Installation of software and hardware
- Step 4 Preparation of data and final set-up
- Step 5 Training of Users
- Step 6 Monitoring
10Planning and Coordination
- A new GIS requires that all parties that will be
using the GIS be involved in the planning - Research should be done as to cost etc. Of the
GIS - It may be necessary to hire a consultant to aid
in the selection of an appropriate GIS - Commitments in terms of support must be
evalulated - Without involvement at all levels, the GIS will
have problems being accepted and implemented - Enthusiasm of coordination body is key to its
successful implementation
11Selection of Hardware and Software
- Based on needs of organization
- Support for hardware and software once
implemented or during the process is crucial - Should be expandable
- Hardware and software investment is not a
one-time expenditure. Must have constant funding - Ability to transfer existing data into GIS
program - Network arrangement should be geared toward the
needs of the users
12Installation of hardware and software
- Intergration with existing computer systems
- Adequate staff or consultants to aid in
installation - Could take days to months depending on the
intial level of implementation - Can be incremental (i.e., data preparation staff
and later other users)
13Preparation of Data and Final Set-up
- This may be one of the most extensive tasks
depending on the availabilty and format of
geographic data and non-geographic data - Care must be taken concerning scales, coordinate
system and accuracy needs of the users of the GIS - Should be a cooperative efforts between different
members of staff with different skills (i.e., GIS
staff, planning department computer information
staff, public works department, transportation
department, etc.) - In this stage, responsible parties should be
limited to a few key persons which will deal with
day-to-day implementation and communication with
other actors - Should be an appropriate amount of time allocated
to assuring that the GIS system is working
efficiently before it is implemented
14Training of Users
- This important for the acceptance of the GIS
- Should be adequate funding available for this
stage - Users should already be aware of the GIS, even in
its planning stage. If it is imposed upon them,
this will detract from implementation - Training should be appropriate for the type of
users and their needs
15Operation and Monitoring
- There should be a permanent GIS coordinating body
consisting of key agencies - Monitoring should be more intensive at the
beginning of implementation - GIS staff should be responsive to the needs of
users - Geographic Information Systems are evolve as the
users get more sophisticated as needs and
technology changes - Users may also be those outside of the agency,
such as developers, NGOs and citizens
16GIS and its Effect on Urban and Regional Planning
- GIS has revolutioned urban and regional planning
- One of the primary users of GIS is urban and
regional planning agencies - GIS has a prominent role in Urban and Regional
Planning undergraduate and graduate programs - It is expected that all planners now have at
least a working knowledge, if not expert
knowledge of GIS
17Exploration of Istanbul Metropolitan GIS
- http//sehirrehberi.ibb.gov.tr/MapForm.aspx?rw20
Dcl3C8 - http//sehirrehberi.ibb.gov.tr/MapForm.aspx?rw20
Dcl3C8 - http//tkm.ibb.gov.tr/rtms/index.aspx?pOx71a049d2
51aeaf3a18c977c43b43efafrEp706539e7fcc2887f70730
5ab5c8cc237sPe1de424dd30310913469c906a9e388af1t
Ux6053e2e05c968b0f34dcb7550302b702cLr605fb5b6b1
e29a7b4f5c908e11432232
18Planning Information as Strategic Information
- Planning informaton sytems are major sources of
planning intelligence - Land information important for market oriented
players - Social use players use planning information for
early warnings about public project that may
affect their interests - Planners responsibility to ensure that
information systems are designed and used to
benifit the community - Planning information systems require
infrastructure, trained staff, maintenance and
political support to be effective - The overall purpose of a planning information
system must be kept in mind at all stages