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Planning Information Systems

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Title: Planning Information Systems


1
Planning Information Systems
  • Michael A. McAdamsGeography Department
  • Fatih UniversityIstanbul, Turkey

2
Questions that Planners should be able to respond
  • In which planning areas is population growth
    occurring?
  • When is the growth rate expected to change?
  • How much population increase has occured since
    the last census?
  • What impacts wiil the new growth rate have on the
    demand for land and public facilities?
  • What if the rate rate changes sooner than
    expected?
  • Who benifits from growth in a certain area?
  • How will a new industry or commercial development
    affect the urban economy?
  • How do we deal with urban restructuring? (i.e.,
    transition from industrial to post-industrial,
    agricultural to industrial)
  • What areas will be prone to flooding?
  • What areas are environmentaly sensitive? (i.e.,
    watersheds, land slide areas, streams, forests
    etc.)

Source Kaiser et al., 1995, Urban Land Use
Planning, Fourth Edition.
3
Introduction
  • Data is one of the most essential elements for
    planners
  • Planners are charged with collecting, processing
    and analysis of data and information from
    various sources and presenting and disseminating
    it to decision-makers and the public
  • Increasingly data comes in the form of digital
    data to be used in spatial and non-spatial
    databases
  • Planners must be aware of existing and proposed
    regulations by various organizations that may
    affect the organizations that they are serving
  • Although sometimes a difficult task among the
    hectic day of planners, they have to keep abrest
    of the urban planning research
  • Grants, funding scenarios and budgeting have
    become an essential part of the role of planners
    which require research skills and access to
    various data

4
Data Management Issues
  • Locus of controlwho is controlling the data
  • Interests served
  • Cordinating information providers and users

Source Kaiser et al., 1995, Urban Land Use
Planning, Fourth Edition.
5
Planning Information
  • Manually drawn maps
  • Excel Spreadsheets
  • Geographic Informaiton Systems and Remote Sensing
  • Non-spatial database systems (budgeting etc.)
  • Most regional and urban governments will
    increasingly use computerized database systems

6
Open Information
  • As governmental agencies are processing more
    information they are becoming more open and being
    used as a resource for public agencies, the
    private sector and the public
  • City of Los Angeles online GIShttp//www.lacity.
    org/lacity197.htm

7
Public and Private Sector Information Requirements
  • User Information
  • Governmental
  • Land planner Land supply/demand indicators
    (including all the following)
  • Tax assessor Land value use, amount,
    characteristics
  • Building inspector Development permits and
    project status
  • Engineering Public facility location,
    capability, status
  • Budget and finance Capital improvements funding,
    status
  • Parks and recreation Open space inventory and
    population growth
  • Public safety Incident location, response
    management
  • Emergency management Hazard locations, mitigation
    programs
  • Chief executive Governmental demand, resources,
    policies
  • Elected official Public development issues,
    impacts
  • Private-sector
  • Developer and builder Land regulations and
    infrastructure
  • Realtor and appraiser Land availability and
    development potential
  • Engineer and architect Land characteristics,
    services, codes
  • Environmental advocate Natural resource e
    systems, development impact
  • Neighborhood advocate Social use pat patterns
    development impacts
  • Nonaligned citizen Costs/benefits of land use
    changes/proposals

Source Kaiser et al., 1995, Urban Land Use
Planning, Fourth Edition.
8
Information Systems Alternatives
Source Kaiser et al., 1995, Urban Land Use
Planning, Fourth Edition.
9
System Implementation
  • Step 1 Planning and Coordination
  • Step 2 Selection of hardware, software, support
    staff
  • Step 3 Installation of software and hardware
  • Step 4 Preparation of data and final set-up
  • Step 5 Training of Users
  • Step 6 Monitoring

10
Planning and Coordination
  • A new GIS requires that all parties that will be
    using the GIS be involved in the planning
  • Research should be done as to cost etc. Of the
    GIS
  • It may be necessary to hire a consultant to aid
    in the selection of an appropriate GIS
  • Commitments in terms of support must be
    evalulated
  • Without involvement at all levels, the GIS will
    have problems being accepted and implemented
  • Enthusiasm of coordination body is key to its
    successful implementation

11
Selection of Hardware and Software
  • Based on needs of organization
  • Support for hardware and software once
    implemented or during the process is crucial
  • Should be expandable
  • Hardware and software investment is not a
    one-time expenditure. Must have constant funding
  • Ability to transfer existing data into GIS
    program
  • Network arrangement should be geared toward the
    needs of the users

12
Installation of hardware and software
  • Intergration with existing computer systems
  • Adequate staff or consultants to aid in
    installation
  • Could take days to months depending on the
    intial level of implementation
  • Can be incremental (i.e., data preparation staff
    and later other users)

13
Preparation of Data and Final Set-up
  • This may be one of the most extensive tasks
    depending on the availabilty and format of
    geographic data and non-geographic data
  • Care must be taken concerning scales, coordinate
    system and accuracy needs of the users of the GIS
  • Should be a cooperative efforts between different
    members of staff with different skills (i.e., GIS
    staff, planning department computer information
    staff, public works department, transportation
    department, etc.)
  • In this stage, responsible parties should be
    limited to a few key persons which will deal with
    day-to-day implementation and communication with
    other actors
  • Should be an appropriate amount of time allocated
    to assuring that the GIS system is working
    efficiently before it is implemented

14
Training of Users
  • This important for the acceptance of the GIS
  • Should be adequate funding available for this
    stage
  • Users should already be aware of the GIS, even in
    its planning stage. If it is imposed upon them,
    this will detract from implementation
  • Training should be appropriate for the type of
    users and their needs

15
Operation and Monitoring
  • There should be a permanent GIS coordinating body
    consisting of key agencies
  • Monitoring should be more intensive at the
    beginning of implementation
  • GIS staff should be responsive to the needs of
    users
  • Geographic Information Systems are evolve as the
    users get more sophisticated as needs and
    technology changes
  • Users may also be those outside of the agency,
    such as developers, NGOs and citizens

16
GIS and its Effect on Urban and Regional Planning
  • GIS has revolutioned urban and regional planning
  • One of the primary users of GIS is urban and
    regional planning agencies
  • GIS has a prominent role in Urban and Regional
    Planning undergraduate and graduate programs
  • It is expected that all planners now have at
    least a working knowledge, if not expert
    knowledge of GIS

17
Exploration of Istanbul Metropolitan GIS
  • http//sehirrehberi.ibb.gov.tr/MapForm.aspx?rw20
    Dcl3C8
  • http//sehirrehberi.ibb.gov.tr/MapForm.aspx?rw20
    Dcl3C8
  • http//tkm.ibb.gov.tr/rtms/index.aspx?pOx71a049d2
    51aeaf3a18c977c43b43efafrEp706539e7fcc2887f70730
    5ab5c8cc237sPe1de424dd30310913469c906a9e388af1t
    Ux6053e2e05c968b0f34dcb7550302b702cLr605fb5b6b1
    e29a7b4f5c908e11432232

18
Planning Information as Strategic Information
  • Planning informaton sytems are major sources of
    planning intelligence
  • Land information important for market oriented
    players
  • Social use players use planning information for
    early warnings about public project that may
    affect their interests
  • Planners responsibility to ensure that
    information systems are designed and used to
    benifit the community
  • Planning information systems require
    infrastructure, trained staff, maintenance and
    political support to be effective
  • The overall purpose of a planning information
    system must be kept in mind at all stages
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