Introduction to UMTS

1
Part 4 - Introduction to UMTS
2
Contents

• From GSM to UMTS
• UMTS Launch
• Specifications
• Channels
• Mobile Architecture
• Quality of Service
• UMTS Business

3
1. From GSM to UMTS
From 2G to 3G
GPRS
GSM
SMS
Wap
UMTS
2001
PDC
W-CDMA
AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System CDMA Code
division multiple access GSM Global System for
Mobiles GPRS General Packet Radio Service EDGE
Enhanced data rates for GSM Evolution IMT
International Mobile Telecom PDCPacific Digital
Com SMS Short Message Service UMTS Universal
Mobile Telecom System UWC Universal Wireless
Com WAP Wireless Application Protocol
TDMA-Edge
AMPS
UWC-136
IMT 2000
4
1. From GSM to UMTS
Universal what?
GSM
GPRS
UTRA/FDD IMT-DS
ETSI ( Europe )
UTRA/TDD IMT-TC
UMTSOne name, 5 uncompatible systems
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1. From GSM to UMTS
From 2G to 3G mobile
Mobile Generation 2, 2.5

• GSM Global System for Mobiles 0.012Mb/s
• GPRS Global Packet Radio Service 0.17Mb
• EDGE Enhanced Data Rate for GSM
  Evolution 0.47Mb

Mobile Generation 3

• UTRA/FDD (IMT-DS) International Mobile
  Telecom-Direct Spread 1.9 Mb
• UTRA/TDD (IMT-TC) International Mobile
  Telecom-Time code 1.9 Mb
• Cdma2000 (IMT-MC) International Mobile
  Telecom-Multi Carrier 0.8-6Mb
• UWC-136 (IMT-SC) International Mobile
  Telecom-Single Carrier 0.4-2Mb

http//www.gsmworld.com/technology/glossary.shtml
6
2. UMTS Launch
2002-2004 who started?
7
2. UMTS Launch
Bandwidth increase
Bandwidth (kb/s)
UMTS
1000
Annoucements
GPRS
100
GSM
10
1996
2000
2002
1998
2004
2006
2008
2010
Year
8
2. UMTS Launch
Mobility vs. bandwidth
Bandwidth (kb/s)
10,000
WLAN 802.11 WiFi
3.9G HSPA, HSPA
1000
3G WCDMA
2.5G GPRS, EDGE
100
2G GSM
10
High
Local
Moderate
Mobility
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Visitor Location Register
3. Specifications
Home Location Register
HLR
VLR
UMTS Network
AI (Air Interface)
RNC
Gx
Gr
Iur (Interface RNC to RNC)
IP network
SGSN
GGSN
User Equipment (UE)
Iub (Interface NodeB to RNC)
Iu (Interface to unit)
Radio Network Controller (RNC)
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
Base Station (Node B)
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3. Specification
Node B Example
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3. Specification
Node B Antenna design
BTS Node B antenna placed on one of the
Churches in Sopot, Poland on the left side zoom
on the antenna on the right overall view of the
church http//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category
Base_station
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3. Specifications
Frequencies
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3. Specifications
3G in France

• Market share mobile Q2 2008
• Orange 43
• SFR 35
• Bouygues 17

Uplink
SFR
Bouygues
Orange
1920
1935
1950
1965
1980
Frequency
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3. Specifications
UMTS Frequency reuse for all mobiles (W-CDMA)
Frequency reuse
Orange
f
1965
1980
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3. Specifications
Sectors
http//www.nasontek.com
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3. Specifications
Handover
Hard handover
Average in contact with 3 NodeB
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3. Specifications
2G-3G and other networks
InternetService Providers
Narrowband Access Networks
G3 FAX
MODEM
2G Wireless Infrastructure
ACCESS EXCHANGE
G3 FAX
GSM, GPRS, EDGE
MEDIA GATEWAY
MODEM
BSC
BTS
Narrowband - Broadband Gateway
H.323 TERMINAL
WORK STATION
SERVER
IP/ATM Telephony
ATM/IP SWITCH
Node B
RNC
MSC
DSLAM
WCDMA
Central Office
Broadband Access Networks
3G Wireless Infrastructure
UMTS only one part of the puzzle
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4. Channels

• Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Downlink (DL)
• Paging Control Channel (PCCH), DL
• Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH), UL/DL
• Common Control Channel (CCCH), UL/DL
• Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH), UL/DL
• Common Traffic Channel (CTCH), Unidirectional
  (one to many)

Channel Family
Medium Access Control (MAC)
Dedicated Transport Channel (DCH),
UL/DL Broadcast Channel (BCH), DL Forward Access
Channel (FACH), DL Paging Channel (PCH),
DL Random Access Channel (RACH), UL Uplink Common
Packet Channel (CPCH), UL Downlink Shared Channel
(DSCH), DL
Logical Channel
Transport Channel
Primary Common Control Physical Channel
(PCCPCH) Secondary Common Control Physical
Channel (SCCPCH) Physical Random Access Channel
(PRACH)Dedicated Physical Data Channel
(DPDCH)Dedicated Physical Control Channel
(DPCCH)Physical Common Packet Channel
(PCPCH)Physical Downlink Shared Channel
(PDSCH)Synchronisation Channel (SCH)Common
Pilot Channel (CPICH)Acquisition Indicator
Channel (AICH)Paging Indication Channel
(PICH)CPCH Status Indication Channel
(CSICH)Collision Detection/Channel Assignment
Indication Channel (CD/CA-ICH)
Physical Channel
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4. Channels
Channel Interaction
Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)
Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH)
www.umtsworld.com/technology/UMTSChannels.htm.
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4. Channels
WCDMA frame

• There are 15 slots per W-CDMA frame.
• Each frame is 10 ms long
• Each frame has 38400 chips (3.84 MChips/s)
• Should divide by code length to get b/s

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4. Channels
Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH), UL
Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH), UL
80
Information Data
2560
100
CRC
2576
360
Turbo-code
7740
Radio Matching
2293
2293
2293
2293
107
107
107
107
Interleaving
2293
107
2293
107
2293
107
2293
107
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5. CDMA
CDMA vs TDMA
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5. CDMA
CDMA vs TDMA
Use a wider channel, continuously One code 384
kbit/s max 5 code for one user 2Mb/s
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5. CDMA
CDMA channel
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5. CDMA
CDMA spread signal robustness
Spectral density
Spectral density
Signal
Noise, Interference
Spread Signal
Tx
Rx
freq
freq

• Robust against interference (signal below noise)
• Secure communications thanks to codes
• Robust against multiple path
• Complex to implement (TDMA easier)

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5. CDMA
CDMA equalization
CDMA cannot work if one source is too strong
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5. CDMA
Principles
Code  1  1,  0 -1 example
11011001 The code has usually balanced  1  and
 0 
emission
receive
One chip
One code
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5. CDMA

• Code 0000 0000

Symbol Phase change
Symbol Phase change
Symbol Phase change

• Code 0101 0101

Code Phase change
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5. CDMA
Valid receiver
Integration
Valid 1
Valid 0
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5. CDMA
Invalid receiver
In practice Gold code 32 bits
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6. Mobile Architecture
RAKE Receiver

• analogous function to a garden rake
• Each component is decoded independently
• higher signal-to-noise ratio in a multipath
  environment

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6. Mobile Architecture
Broadcom architecture
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6. Mobile Architecture
NXP architecture
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6. Mobile Architecture
6. Mobile Architecture
Inside a 3G Motorola mobile
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6. Mobile Architecture
RCP technology from Freescale
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7. Quality of Service
QoS GSM vs. UMTS
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7. Quality of Service
Traffic Classes
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7. Quality of Service
5. Mobile Architecture
Coding

• The quality of service depends on the application
• Various classes from 0.44 Kbit/s to 111 Kbit/s
• Various Priorities low, normal, high

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7. Quality of Service
Measured signal power
Received signal power (dB)
1/d2
Distance to emitter
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7. Quality of Service
Effective data rate
Mbit/second
No doppler effect, no delay spread (5 code for
one UE)
2.0
User Speed
5 Km/H
50 Km/H
250 Km/H
2 Mb in pico-cells, with direct visual link UE
and base
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8. UMTS Business
 The UMTS license has been the worst economical
failure in modern history 
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8. UMTS Business
Return on investissement (ROI)
Profit
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
Licence 619M (France)
Investissement 3000 M
Loss
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8. UMTS Business
UMTS Network

• 3G networks cover 50 to 70 of 2G networks
• Idea reuse 900 MHz band for UMTS
• 900 MHz is more efficient (larger cells)
• Reuse existing 2G antennas
• Share UMTS 900 with other operators

Node B operator B
Node B operator A
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8. UMTS Business
Not only a phone, a new era for services
Navigation, diagnosis emergency Video,
internet Music, games
GGSN
Ls
?
Gateway
RNC
Autre réseau
?
High speed link
Serveur
Node B
Renault
Intranet
Application Servers
End User
Adapted from Segarra Renault
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8. UMTS Business
30 years
50 Million radios
10 years
50 Million TV
5 years
50 Million GSM
50 Million UMTS
3 years
From D. Bel Internet Mobile et UMTS,
Hermes-Lavoisier 2002
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8. UMTS Business
Subscribers 2008
WCDMA Subscribers Sept 28, 2009, 10h30
430,350,146
Including HSPA 156,989,782
WCDMA Subscribers Sept 6, 2008, 19h47
Top 10 operators 2009
286,936,348
Split WCDMA 2009
http//www.umts-forum.org
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8. UMTS Business
Japan the incubator

• 85 of Japanese mobiles operating in 3G by end
  2009
• High resolution screen
• Commuting
• Technology lovers
• Incubator for new services

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8. UMTS Business
A European Giant ST-Microelectronics NXP
Wireless Ericsson
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Conclusion

• UMTS basis described, based on 5 standards
• 450 Million subscribers end 2009 (4.3 B total)
• Principles of spread spectrum illustrated
• Code division improves confidentiality and
  robustness
• 2 Mb achieved in very good conditions short
  distance, low speed
• Quality of service for data, image and voice
• A new page of the mobile phone legend ?