mBusiness

1
m-Business
Content 1. Wireless Devices 2. Wireless
Internet Access 3. Wireless Web Technology 4.
Software Applications for Wireless Devices 5. B2C
Applications
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Introduction

• Wireless technology turns e-business into
  m-business, or mobile business
• Current applications
• Conduct online transactions
• Make purchases
• Trade stocks
• Send e-mail
• Future applications
• A wireless office, where computers, phones and
  other office equipment are all networked without
  cables

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Wireless Devices

• Wireless development
• First-generation wireless technology was the
  cellular phone
• Second generation wireless technology, which
  includes digital cellular phones, is currently in
  use worldwide
• Third generation, or 3G technology will enable
  wireless devices to send and receive data as much
  as seven times faster than a standard 56K modem
• Wireless devices
• Personal digital assistants (PDAs)
• Digital cellular phones
• Two-way pagers

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Wireless Devices (cont.)

• Outside the United States, mobile phones are the
  preferred medium for getting information and
  making e-business transactions
• Service is not universally available and still
  relatively expensive
• Limited bandwidth restricts the amount of data
  that can be sent over the wireless network
• Wireless devices have significantly smaller
  memory capacity and less powerful processors than
  desktop computers

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m-Business

• m-Business
• e-Business using wireless devices with Internet
  access
• B2C marketplace
• Increased conveniences for consumers
• Frequent, small transactions
• Receiving news, sports scores, e-mail, coupons
  and advertisements
• B2B marketplace
• Salespeople can access product databases and
  place orders
• Address customer needs immediately
• Ordering and billing will be conducted remotely

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Wireless Internet Access

• Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
• Each transmission is assigned a specific channel,
  giving the transmission the benefit of the entire
  bandwidth within that channel and reducing the
  possibility that a connection will be broken
• Able to assign each transmission on the network a
  unique code to ensure security
• Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
• Uses Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) which
  takes multiple calls and assigns each call to a
  different time slot on the same radio frequency

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Wireless Internet Access (cont.)

• 3G technologies
• EDGE (Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution)
• Cdma2000
• W-CDMA
• International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
• Establishes guidelines for 3G

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Wireless Web Technology

• Three technologies are used to provide Web access
  to wireless devices
• Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
• Web Clipping
• Microsofts Pocket Internet Explorer

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Web Clipping

• Web clipping
• Allows users to take relevant pieces of a Web
  site and deliver it to a wireless device,
  eliminating excess content and graphics
• Palm devices use Web clipping
• Proxy server
• Lies between client (such as a Web browser) and
  Web server
• Query is received by a proxy server controlled by
  the wireless ISP
• Proxy server goes to the Web site and clips the
  necessary data
• The proxy server transmits the data back to your
  wireless device
• If the proxy server does not have the
  information, it passes the request to the regular
  server

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Personal Digital Assistants

• Palm VII wireless handheld computer
• Query Application Builder (QAB)
• Web designers build Palm Query Applications
  (PQAs) to be installed on users Palm handheld
  computers
• With a PQA for a particular web site installed on
  the Palm, the user can view the tailored content
  for that web site

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Personal Digital Assistants (cont.)
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Personal Digital Assistants (cont.)
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WAP and WML

• Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
• Developed by Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola, etc.
• A set of communication protocols designed to
  enable different kinds of wireless devices to
  communicate and access the Internet
• Designed to standardize development across
  different wireless technologies worldwide
• Intended primarily for Internet-enabled digital
  phones, pagers and other handheld devices
• Uses Web sites specifically designed for wireless
  handheld devices that have small screens and
  low-bandwidth constraints

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WAP and WML (cont.)

• Wireless Markup Language (WML)
• The scripting language used to create Web content
  to be delivered to wireless handheld devices,
  based on XML
• Removes unnecessary content from Web pages
• WML tags are used to mark up a Web page to
  specify how the page should be formatted on a
  wireless device
• WML works with the WAP to deliver the content
• Similar to HTML, but it does not require input
  devices
• Microbrowsers
• Designed with limited bandwidth and limited
  memory requirements
• Access the Web via the wireless Internet

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WAP and WML (cont.)

• How wireless Internet works
• A WAP gateway, which acts as a proxy server,
  receives the request, translates it and sends it
  to the appropriate Internet server
• Server responds by sending the requested WML
  document
• The WAP gateway parses this document's WML (i.e.,
  it analyzes the WML document, checking it for
  correctness) and sends the proper text to the
  digital phone
• Deck
• A WML document
• Card
• Consists of one user interaction, providing the
  WML browser with a small, self-contained document
  for browsing

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WAP and WML (cont.)
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Software Applications for Wireless Devices

• No widely accepted standard for wireless
  development
• Developers are often required to develop multiple
  applications
• Microsoft Pocket Internet Explorer
• Reformats complete Web pages as they are
  downloaded from the Internet for display on the
  Pocket PC
• Allows Pocket PC users to access most of the
  content currently available on the Web and
  eliminates the need to tailor Web content for
  delivery to handheld devices
• PacketVideo
• Specializes in wireless video technology for
  mobile devices

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Software Applications for Wireless Devices (cont.)
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Software Applications for Wireless Devices (cont.)
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Software Applications for Wireless Devices (cont.)
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Wireless Local Area Networks

• Easier to install and maintain without disrupting
  an office
• Computers can easily be moved without having to
  install a new network connection in each location
• Radio Frequency WLANs (RF WLANs)
• Used to network devices at a distance
• Infrared and laser WLANs
• Do not require approval
• Do not have the same interference issues
• Can be used only for short distances

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Wireless Local Area Networks (cont.)

• Infrared technology
• More cost efficient than laser technology
• Equipment has a longer lifespan
• Technology is less susceptible to weather
• Reliable and easy to install
• The system is portable
• Transceivers
• Send the signal between the buildings and are
  linked to the network using fiber-optic cable
  (used with infrared technology)

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Bluetooth

• Bluetooth
• A wireless technology that provides short-range,
  high-speed voice and data communication between
  digital devices
• Conceived by Ericsson in 1994
• Provides up to 1 Mbps (megabits per second) of
  data transfer capability between devices as much
  as 30 feet apart
• Can also be used to create wireless offices
• Bluetooth Special Interest Group
• Initially comprising Ericsson, IBM, Intel,
  Toshiba and Nokia
• Developed an open specification for the
  technology and to encouraged cross-platform
  capabilities for the different wireless devices

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The Bluetooth Handset
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Wireless Communications

• Wireless communications can be unreliable and
  slow, wireless-device bandwidth is about one
  fifth of the capabilities of a standard dial-up
  connection
• General packet radio services (GPRS)
• Enables devices to transmit data at speeds of up
  to 114 kbps
• Universal mobile telecommunications standard
  (UMTS)
• Will offer transfer speeds of up to 2 Mbps for
  wireless devices
• Smart phones
• Mobile phones that send and receive both voice
  and data messages
• Used to securely send and receive secure mobile
  transactions

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Location Tracking

• Location tracking
• Can be used for navigation, such as GPS (Global
  Positioning System) devices installed in cars
• Can be used by shipping companies to track
  delivery trucks, giving customers more accurate
  tracking information and expected delivery time
• Can also be used for targeted marketing
• Go2systems.com

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Global Positioning System (GPS)

• Developed by the United States Department of
  Defense for military purposes, now used in
  commercial devices
• Standard Positioning Service (SPS)
• Precise Positioning Service (PPS)
• Uses satellites to track a users position
  (vertical and horizontal), velocity and the time
  in their location
• Six circular orbits (four satellites per orbit),
  five ground stations and three antennas
• Triangulation
• Three (of four) satellites are used to determine
  the latitude, longitude and altitude of the
  receiver, the fourth satellite is used to check
  for errors in the triangulation

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Future of Wireless Internet

• Decreasing cost and size of wireless phones and
  mobile devices
• Improving technology
• Increasing number of devices made wireless
• Increased venture capitalist interest in wireless
  technology

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Ultimate Wireless Device

• Combination of all features of a mobile phone,
  PDA and two-way pager
• Camera for video telephony and photography
• Make calls from anywhere in the world
• Send and receive e-mail in real-time, without
  having to dial into a service provider
• Maintain your address book, schedules, to-do
  lists, etc.
• Built-in GPS System

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Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Applications

• Mobile devices
• News, scores, e-mail
• Micropayments small transactions
• Accentures Mobile Micropayments

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B2C Applications (cont.)
Wireless micropayment demonstration
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Retail

• Web shopping saves time and money
• Web retail models
• Shopping-cart model
• Auction model
• Price-comparison model
• Electronic Retail
• Amazon.com
• buy.com
• snaz.com (wireless)
• Wireless ticket purchases and gate transactions
• Bluetooth and Infrared

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Wireless News Services

• Concise text-only versions
• ABCNews.com
• Daily headlines and section browsing
• Dotcomscoop.com
• Latest dot-com developments

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Entertainment

• Wireless gaming
• Charged per game or through advertising
• Sports teams
• Scores and updates
• Fantasy games
• Downloadable e-books

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Travel

• Air Travel
• Internet sites aggregate airline information,
  fill seats
• E-tickets lower overhead costs
• American Airlines
• Travelocity.com
• All travel arrangements in single visit
• Offers wireless services on Palm
• Navigation on Wireless Devices
• Find restaurants, hospitals, police stations
• Driving directions, maps
• GPS Global Positioning System

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Travel (cont.)
American Airlines wireless home page.
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Banking and Financial Services

• Investing options
• Full-service brokers online trading with
  brokers advice
• Merrill Lynch
• Salomon Smith Barney
• Discount-brokerage service investors manage own
  accounts and research
• ETrade
• Wireless banking and trading
• Fidelitys InstantBroker monitor market and
  portfolios on wireless device
• National Discount Brokers stock alerts, monitor
  market and stock management

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Banking and Financial Services (cont.)

• Online trading considerations
• User issues
• Time
• Knowledge on investing
• Service issues
• Type of investments
• Navigation tools
• Customer service
• Number of trades and fees
• Learning tools
• The Motley Fool financial information site
• Money.com financial strategies

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Banking and Financial Services (cont.)
Placing a stock order through NDBs Mobility.
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Banking and Financial Services (cont.)
Viewing your profile via Mobile ETrade.
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Other Applications

• Wireless insurance
• Progressive Causality Insurance Company finding
  agents and getting price quotes
• Wireless real estate
• check additional listings, review amenities and
  submit bids while viewing a property with a
  client

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Main References

• e-Business e-Commerce for Managers, H.M.
  Deitel, P.J. Deitel and K. Steinbuhler, Prentice
  Hall, 2000.
• eBusiness Essentials Technology and Network
  Requirements for Mobile and Online Markets, 2/e,
  by Mark Norris and Steve West, John Wiley
  Sons, 2001.