Stabilizing CO2 concentrations for any concentration from 350 to 750 parts per million means that gl

1
The Climate Change Problem

• Stabilizing CO2 concentrations for any
  concentration from 350 to 750 parts per million
  means that global net CO2 emissions must peak in
  this century, and begin a long-term decline
  ultimately approaching ZERO

the pre-industrial concentration was 280 ppm.
2

• Stabilizing CO2 concentrations requires more than
  business-as-usual.

3
Controlling Cost

• Technologies that are presently insignificant
  elements of the global energy system, could make
  a big difference including
• Carbon Captureat any point in the energy system
• Geologic Sequestration
• Hydrogen Systemsproduction, transportation,
  distribution use
• Energy Storage Systems
• Commercial Biomass Energy

4
Biotechnology Holds the Key

• If biotechnology can deliver breakthroughs in key
  technologies such as
• Carbon Capture Sequestrationterrestrial,
  ocean, and direct
• Hydrogen Systemsproduction, transportation,
  distribution use (e.g. fuel cells)
• Energy Storage Systems
• Commercial Biomass Energyenergy crops and
  non-energy crops (e.g. food, fiber, forest
  products)

5
Biotech Fuel Cells
To fuel the H2 economy.
6
Ocean CO2 Sequestration
... To remove and store carbon and make a H2
economy possible.
7
And, if there is a biotech revolution in energy
and food crop productivity
IS92a 550 ppmv
No Bio-productivity Growth
2095