The New Deal

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The New Deal

• Alphabet Agencies
• WPA

By Mr RJ Huggins
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Key Quotes FDRs Inauguration Speech
This Nation asks for action, and action now. Our
greatest primary task is to put people to work.
I shall ask congress for broad executive power to
wage was against the emergency.
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The New Deal Alphabet Agencies

• The Alphabet Agencies were set up to help reverse
  the Spiral of Depression.
• The main aim was to pump money back into the
  economy by giving the unemployed jobs.
• Not everyone within the Democratic Party agreed
  exactly how this should be done.

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Causes of the Depression
Fewer goods are sold.
Demand drops.
The Spiral Of Depression
In order to stay in business companies cut wages
Companies are forced to cut costs by laying
people off
People lose their confidence start saving
their money
Demand drops even further.
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Reversing the Spiral of Depression
Cycle of Prosperity!
Democrats called this Process Pump Priming
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How do you put the USA back to work?
V
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Harry Hopkins
Work Relief preserves a mans morale. It saves
his skill. It gives him a chance to do something
socially useful
Set up two key Alphabet Agencies CWA WPA which
aimed to help the unskilled unemployed.
Criticised for wasting taxpayers money on
boondoggles.
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CWA Civil Works Administration

• Built 800,000 km of roads.
• Built 40,000 schools
• Built 500 airports rebuilt 500 more.
• Built 150,000 public toilets.

• Paid people to sweep up leaves in the parks.
• Paid unemployed actors to give free shows.
• Hired 100 people to scare pigeons away with
  balloons from public buildings in Washington DC.

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Harold Ickes
My PWA will will give work to the unemployed by
creating things of lasting use to the nation.

• Set up the PWA which gave jobs to the skilled
  unemployed.
• Was very careful how he spent taxpayers money.

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PWA Public Works Administration

• Built 70 of USA Schools.
• Built 35 of USA Hospitals.
• Built for river dams.
• Electrified the New York Washington railway.

• Built 50 military airports.
• Built two aircraft carriers.
• Built four cruisers destroyers for the US Navy.
• Built a new sewage system in Chicago.

PWA only provided jobs for the skilled unemployed!
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What about the unskilled unemployed?

• In response to being accused of boondoggling,
  when he gave unemployed librarians jobs
  cataloguing historical documents, Hopkins
  replied

Hell, theyve got to eat just like other people.
In 1934, the CWA was shut down because it was
wasting money
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What about the unskilled unemployed?

• In 1935, after a terrible winter FDR decided to
  help the unskilled unemployed by setting up WPA
  with Harry Hopkins in charge.
• The PWA continued working until 1939.

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WPA Works Progress Administration

• Built 11,000 schools.
• Built 70,000 km of roads.
• La Guardia airport in New York.
• Employed photographers to make a record of the
  Depression.

• Employed 12,000 Actors to put on plays and
  concerts to cheer people up!
• Employed artists and painters to make paintings
  for display in schools and public buildings.
• Gave work to 2 million people a year.

Boondoggles?
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Recap Reversing the Spiral of Depression
Democrats called this Process Pump Priming
Cycle of Prosperity!
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Summary
Key Words

• In order to get a a grade C upwards in exams,
  you must learn and use the key words facts.
• These concepts will be awarded as key knowledge.

• Spiral of Depression
• Pump Priming
• Unskilled Skilled workers
• Boondoggling
• CWA, WPA PWA
• Alphabet Agencies

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Exam Question 1

• How useful is this source for explaining how the
  New Deal put America back to work?

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Mark Scheme
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Level 3
For
Against

• PWA Public Works Administration.
• Alphabet Agency designed to reverse the Spiral
  of Depression and kick start demand
• Jobs created for skilled construction workers
  E.g. Builders Plumbers deducted from poster

• No mention of WPA which was set up to create jobs
  for the unskilled workers such as actors
  photographers.
• Photograph taken by a WPA photographer.

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Exam Question 2

• How successful was the New deal at putting USA
  back to work? Use the source and your knowledge
  to explain your answer.

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Mark Scheme
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Level 3
For
Against

• FDR Roosevelt taking Action to end the
  Depression.
• FDR is Pouring tax payers money to reverse the
  Spiral of Depression. Pump Priming.

• New Deal wasting money 16 billion spent on
  boondoggles jobs created by alphabet agencies
  such as CWA WPA.
• E.G. Scaring pigeons with balloons