Social Relations

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Social Relations
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Attraction
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Attraction

• Three key ingredients to attraction
• Proximity
• Physical attractiveness
• Similarity

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AttractionProximity
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Mere Exposure Effect

• Phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel
  stimuli increases liking of them

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AttractionPhysical Attractiveness
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Physical Attractiveness

• Positive first impressions are correlated with
  the attractiveness of the person
• Attractive people are judged to be happier,
  healthier, more successful, etc.
• Physical attractiveness is highly determined by
  culture

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Physical Attractiveness
1950s
Today
1920s
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AttractionSimilarity
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Similarity

• People are reluctant to include dissimilar people
  in their group of friends.
• Close friends usually share interests, attitudes,
  age, intelligence level, and economic status.

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Romantic LovePassionate Love
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Passionate Love

• Aroused state of intense positive absorption in
  another, usually present at the beginning of a
  love relationship

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Romantic LoveCompanionate Love
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Companionate Love

• Deep affectionate attachment we feel for those
  with whom our lives are intertwined
• Two important factors
• Equity
• Self-disclosure

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Equity

• Condition in which people contribute to and
  receive from a relationship at a similar rate
• Couples share in decision making and possessions
• Freely give and receive emotional support

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Self-Disclosure

• Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
• Include likes, dislikes, fears, accomplishments,
  failures, shameful moments, goals, etc.

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Altruism
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Altruism

• Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Dave Sanders Teacher at Columbine High School
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AltruismBystander Intervention
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Bystander Effect

• Tendency for a person to be less likely to give
  aid if other people are present

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Bystander Effect - Kitty Genovese

• Famous case of Kitty Genovese--38 people heard
  her cry for help but didnt help. She was raped
  and stabbed to death.

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Factors Increasing Bystander Intervention

• not in a hurry
• believe the victim deserves help
• in a good mood
• feeling guilty
• live in a small town or rural area
• just saw someone being helpful

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Factors Increasing Bystander Intervention
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Altruism
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Altruism
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Altruism
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Altruism
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Altruism
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Altruism
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Altruism
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Prejudice
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Prejudice

• Unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its
  members
• Usually involves a negative attitude
• Usually involves stereotyped beliefs, negative
  feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory
  action

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Stereotype

• Generalized belief about a group of people
• Stereotypes are sometimes accurate but often
  overgeneralized.

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Discrimination

• In social relations, taking action against a
  group of people because of stereotyped beliefs
  and feelings of prejudice

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PrejudiceIngroup and Outgroup
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Ingroup Us

• People with whom we share a common identity

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Outgroup Them

• Those perceived as different or apart from us
  (the ingroup)

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Ingroup Bias

• Tendency to favor ones own group
• Uusually at the expense of the outgroup

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Scapegoat Theory

• Theory that prejudice provides an outlet for
  anger by providing someone to blame

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PrejudiceThought Processes and Prejudice
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Categorization

• The tendency to group similar objects
• May be a means to explain stereotypes

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Just-World Phenomenon

• Tendency to believe that people get what they
  deserve and deserve what they get
• Reflects childs attitude that good is rewarded
  and evil is punished

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Aggression
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Aggression

• Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt
  or destroy

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AggressionThe Biology of Aggression
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Genetic and Neural Influences

• Some have a genetic predisposition toward
  aggression.
• Nervous system, including amygdala in the brain,
  can stimulate or inhibit aggression

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Biochemistry

• Correlation of higher testosterone levels with
  aggressive behaviors
• Alcohol and other drugs can increase aggressive
  behavior.

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AggressionLearning Aggression
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Learned Aggression

• Aggression learned through observation of others
  being aggressive
• TV and the media encourages aggression

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Cooperation
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Superordinate goals

• Shared goals that override differences among
  people and require their cooperation

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The End