Status of SCP in Africa

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Africa Regional Implementation Meeting, 26-30
October 2009, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Africa Review Report on Sustainable Consumption
and Production Ms. Jane B. Nyakango Secretary
, African Roundtable on Sustainable Consumption
Production
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Presentation Layout

• What is SCP?
• Major Trends and Emerging Issues
• Progress and Achievements
• Implementation Challenges and Constraints
• Lessons Learned and Way Forward
• Conclusions

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Why do we need SCP?

• The major cause of the continued deterioration
  of the global environment are the unsustainable
  patterns of consumption and production,
  particularly in industrialised countries, which
  is a matter of grave concern, aggravating
  poverty and imbalances.
• Agenda 21 (Chap. 4)
• PFIA 21 (Section 28)
• JPOI ( Chap III)

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What is SCP?

• the production and use of goods and services
  that respond to basic needs and bring a better
  quality of life, while minimising the use of
  natural resources, toxic materials and emissions
  of waste and pollutants over the life cycle, so
  as not to jeopardise the ability to meet the
  needs of future generations.
• SCP is about resource (land, water, energy
  material) efficiency
• Cross-cutting in character,
• active involvement of all stakeholders
• wide range of locally-adapted sustainable policy
  responses to production and consumption patterns
• decoupling of economic growth from environmental
  degradation (less waste, less negative impacts)

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Goals for a SCP Programme
Changes in Production Consumption
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Major Trends and Emerging Issues
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AFRICA-KEY STATISTICS

• 53 countries Population958 million
• 20.4 per cent of the global land area
• 13 per cent of the worlds population(61
  population rural)
• Only 1.7 per cent of the global Gross Domestic
  Product (GDP) and 2 of the world trade
• The region is large and diverse (a wide range of
  HDI). The rrecommended approach for promoting SCP
  will vary from country to country.

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Economic Growth and Welfare

• African economies remain insufficiently
  diversified. In 2005, agricultural raw materials,
  ores and metals and fuels represented 68 of the
  regions exports .
• Agriculture remains an important sector in much
  of the sub-Saharan Africa(SSA). It provides 57
  of all employment.
• The continent still lags behind in industrial
  performance. Environmental best practices need to
  be incorporated at these early stages of
  industrialization
• SSA is not on track to achieve any of the
  Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) . Many
  Africans remain trapped in dire poverty.

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Economic Growth and Welfare
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Socio-Demographic Trends

• Population growth is still strong . From 520
  million in 1990, population is expected to reach
  1.3 billion by 2030.
• SSAs population is very young. Population aged
  15 to 59 is expected to grow from 456 million in
  2010 to 758 million in 2030. This young
  population structure represents a particular
  challenge for African countries for education and
  employment, and for the structural transformation
  of the economies.
• Current rate of urbanization in Africa of around
  3.5 percent per year. By 2030, the proportion of
  Africas urbanized population is expected to
  reach 53.5 percent, compared to 39 percent in
  2005. This fast rate of urbanization places
  strain on infrastructure and other services.

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Major Trends/Emerging Issues

• Africa has the highest urbanization rate in the
  world which has a strong impact on patterns and
  impacts of consumption. Growing urban middle
  class adopting western consumption patterns
• The continent lags behind all others in energy
  use while energy production relies heavily on
  fossil fuels despite significant renewable energy
  potential.
• Access to freshwater is worsening in the region
  and increased water scarcity in the future
  implies a need for efficient water resources
  management.
• Urbanization and increasing motorization in SSA
  have resulted in degradation of air quality in
  large cities

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Major Trends/Emerging Issues

• Solid and hazardous waste management is one of
  the major challenges in the promotion of SCP in
  the region
• The tourism industry in Africa is characterized
  by a large number of Small and Medium Enterprises
  (SMEs) that lack the capacity to integrate
  sustainable tourism principles
• Africa is undergoing a severe process of
  deforestation. From 1990 to 2005, deforestation
  took place at a rate of 0.7 per year versus 0.2
  at the global level.
• Compared to the rest of the world, the average
  Africans ecological footprint is small. However,
  several African countries already have a
  footprint larger than their bio-capacity per
  capita.

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SCP perspective for African countries

• Strong linkages between poverty, environmental
  degradation and under-development in the region
  . Overall priority of a programme on SCP in
  Africa should be to provide the basic needs of
  the poor without undermining the natural resource
  base and destroying ecosystems on which everybody
  depends.
• Policies and actions supporting SCP can serve to
  bolster poverty reduction efforts and support
  sustainable long term growth and help to meet the
  MDGs.
• There are many opportunities in Africa to
  leapfrog towards more SCP patterns.

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People vs. nature
How much nature is available?
?
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Metabolism like a cow
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The Ecological Footprint
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AFRICAS FOOTPRINT AND BIOCAPACITY, AND WORLD
BIOCAPACITY, PER CAPITA 19612003
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Kenya
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(No Transcript)
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Ecological Creditors and Ecological Debtorsin
1961
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Ecological Creditors and Ecological Debtorsin
2003
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Which Investments Are Most Effective?(? HDI ?
overshoot) /
Building Resilience
Leapfrogging
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Progress and Achievements
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A21, PFIA 21 and JPOI Commitments on SCP

• Development of a 10-YFP in support of regional
  and national initiatives to accelerate the shift
  towards SCP.
• Increase investments in Cleaner production and
  eco-efficiency.
• Development of policies and strategies on SCP
  patterns and Integration of these into
  sustainable development policies, programmes and
  strategies.
• Enhancing CESR and accountability.
• Encouraging sustainable development
  considerations in decision-making, including on
  national and local development planning,
  investment in infrastructure, business
  development and public procurement.
• Promote energy for sustainable development
• Promote an integrated approach to policy making
  for transport services
• Prevent and minimize waste and maximize reuse and
  recycling. Renew the commitment to sound
  management of chemicals and of hazardous wastes
• Promote sustainable tourism development
• Undertake research on consumption and production.

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Development of the African 10-YFP(1)

• Institutionalization of the African Roundtable on
  Sustainable Consumption and Production in 2004
• Africa is the first region to have developed a
  10-YFP on SCP, endorsed by AMCEN and high-level
  launch in May 2006 in Addis Ababa.
• The strategic focus of the 10 YFP
• Linking SCP with the challenges of meeting basic
  needs.

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The priority areas of the African 10-YFP

• Provision of affordable and sustainable energy
  for productive use
• Water provision and efficient utilization
• Urban development and sanitation
• Improvement of the competitiveness of African
  Industries in the global market

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Africa is at the forefront of the global
Marrakech Process on the 10-YFP

• Has a regional 10-YFP approved by AMCEN and
  included in its workplan
• Created a regional institutional mechanism the
  ARSCP
• ARSCP organises regional roundtables 6th
  roundtable 7-9th June 2010 in Egypt
• Have a Marrakech Task Force on Cooperation with
  Africa as the only region-focussed taskforce
  under the global mechanism

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Progress and Achievements

• In addition to several regional energy
  infrastructure projects to increase access and
  progress in the means of implementation, off-grid
  systems based on renewable energy have been
  developed in rural areas of many countries
• Some countries are on track in meeting the MDGs
  on water and sanitation while an increasing
  number of countries are undertaking policy, legal
  and institutional reforms and developing
  strategies for water resources development and
  management based on the Integrated Water
  Resources Management
• Urban centers in the region have benefited
  through global urban management programs. Many
  countries are beginning to put in place the
  strategic policy and institutional framework to
  address some of the transport-related problems in
  cities.

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Progress and Achievements

• Cleaner production is being promoted through thus
  far ten National Cleaner Production Centers in
  the region and industrial environmental policies
  are being developed in some countries
• African business organizations are participating
  in the Global Compact initiative and several
  companies have become members of the World
  Business Council on Sustainable Development
• In addition to a number of measures taken at
  national, sub-regional and regional levels to
  improve agricultural production, there is an
  increasing number of initiatives in organic food
  production
• Many African countries have ratified major
  chemicals-related and waste-related conventions
  while a number of projects are under way to
  implement regional action plans for the
  implementation of the Strategic Approach to
  International Chemicals Management in the Africa
  region. Many African countries have adopted
  policies and legislation on hazardous wastes and
  are implementing activities to support the
  environmentally sound management of hazardous
  wastes

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Progress and Achievements

• Many African countries have adopted the Global
  Code of Ethics for Tourism and are reporting on
  progress in implementation. There have been many
  capacity building initiatives on sustainable
  tourism and some countries have started to adopt
  policies that create opportunities for the poor
  within tourism
• In most countries there are examples of
  addressing SCP-relevant topics, albeit in an
  isolated fashion. Few economic instruments are in
  use in African countries and little progress has
  been made in the area of Sustainable Public
  Procurement
• Some universities have embarked upon introducing
  sustainable development into their education and
  training programmes

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Status of SCP in Africa

• Impact and penetration of SCP activities is still
  very limited in most countries.
• Few key activities conducted in most countries
  as part of the 10 YFP.
• SP is in progress. Several examples for SP NCPCs
  have achieved much, but still not enough to
  create national level impacts.
• Few examples for SC. Regional capacity for
  promoting SC is far less developed than for SP.

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Challenges and Constraints
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Challenges and Constraints

• Poor Education and lack of awareness on the
  benefits of SCP among all stakeholders
• Government failures (lack of legislation and/or
  enforcement weak recognition of SCP in most
  policies weak institutional capacity for
  monitoring and use of economic instruments lack
  of decentralization to local authorities)
• Lack of human and technical capacity (lack of
  capacity for product development and formulating
  bankable CP projects in industry lack of
  capacity on SCP tools in government wide scale
  reliance on obsolete technologies lack of
  information on emerging clean technologies)

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Challenges and Constraints (contd)

• (iv)Economic (Financial instability of NCPCs
  under-pricing of natural resources lack of
  appropriate financing mechanisms for SCP
  investments lack of financial incentives-for
  example for RETs widespread poverty)
• (v) Systemic (lack of monitoring lack of
  systematic training of employees and lack of RD
  in Industry lack of reliable data on pollution
  and resources use inadequate research on SCP
  consumer traditions)
• (vi) Organizational (poor institutional setting
  absence of collaborative projects and exchange
  programmes in the region to facilitate knowledge
  sharing)

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Lessons Learned and the Way Forward
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Key Lessons Learned (1)

• Political will and commitment is essential to the
  effective implementation of the African 10-YFP.
  The leadership and guidance being provided by the
  AU Commission, ECA and UNEP in the further
  development and implementation of the Program
  should be maintained, if not enhanced. The
  regions cooperation with development agencies,
  such as the Government of Germany and the
  Marrakech Task Forces should be fostered.
• A basic condition for SCP is to achieve general
  awareness and understanding of the concept among
  all people. Education curriculum to include the
  concept.
• It is necessary for Governments to develop, in
  partnership with a wide range of stakeholders,
  national SCP strategies or action plans
  reflecting a countrys specific priorities.
  Capacity building of public sector is crucial.
• Resource Mobilisation process from both domestic
  and international sources to establish innovative
  funding mechanisms for SCP investments

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Key Lessons Learned (2)

• Need for mainstreaming of SCP in the priorities
  and decision making criteria of bilateral and
  multilateral development financing agencies.
• The International NCPC programme has led to the
  development of critical capacity and
  institutional strengthening in developing
  countries and generated useful results. However
  there is a need strengthen the programme
  strategy, utilization of programmatic funding and
  improvement of programme mangement.
• Create demand for SCP, rather than focusing on
  the supply side. Such demand is created when
  enforcement of legislation is practiced, suitable
  economic incentives are established and
  efficiency improvements offered by SCP provide a
  competitive edge.
• Visible implementation of SCP activities at an
  early stage is important to demonstrate the
  concept and to show that it can have a
  significant impact on the production-consumption
  system. Ex government green procurement
  programs, waste recycling schemes, SMEs support
  programs for Cleaner Production, Introduction of
  CFL lamps, Incentives for Solar Water Heaters and
  Solar Panels, taxes on plastic bags, etc.

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The Way Forward

• Institutional and Policy Mechanisms(National SCP
  Programs, Legislation and economic instruments,
  SCP indicators, DSM programmes, donors
  programmes, etc)
• Supporting tools and instruments(CP, SPP,
  Eco-labelling, ISWM plans, CESR, LCA, etc)
• Education for SCP(curriculum development, use of
  media, best practice databases, centers of
  excellence, etc)
• Means of implementation (Financial resources,
  technology transfer, capacity building,
  information and outreach, partnerships etc)

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Concluding Note

• SCP provides an ideal framework for achieving
  development goals .
• The underdevelopment of the region adds a new
  dimension to the SCP challenges in Africa. The
  same under development provides a significant
  opportunity to leapfrog to more resource
  efficient economies and sustainable resource use
  and build Green Economies.
• Use the opportunity provided by the political
  commitment through AMCEN, the leadership and
  guidance being provided by the AU Commission, ECA
  and UNEP, the work of the Marrakech Task Force on
  Cooperation with Africa and the other Marrakech
  Task Forces, and the ARSCP for the further
  development and implementation of the African
  10-YFP and other SCP initiatives.
• Lessons learnt from pilots will help in sectoral
  policy and strategy review and ultimately in
  mainstreaming SCP in national policies/strategies
• Important to focus on some fast track projects
  and mobilize international/regional/local support.

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Priority projects identified during the Ad-Hoc
Expert Group Meeting on the SDRA

• Capacity building for National SCP Action Plans
• The African Local SCP Initiative
• Regional programme on Resource Efficiency and
  Cleaner Production (RECP) including building
  capacities of NCPCs and SCP institutions
• The African Eco-labelling Mechanism
• Promoting an Integrated Solid Waste Management
  (ISWM) System in Africa
• Education for Sustainable Consumption and
  Production in Africa
• Sustainable Building and Construction in Africa
• Promotion of small-scale renewables and
  biomass-based co-generation
• Regional Knowledge Management and Information
  Exchange on SCP in Africa

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Thank you for your attention!