Land Reclamation By Sea

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Land Reclamation By Sea

• Proudly done by
• Ooi Kang Hao, Bryan Kheh, Matthew Seah and Quah
  Woei Jin

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CONTENTS

• Introduction of land reclamation
• What is empoldering
• Empoldering in the Netherlands
• Resources

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Introduction of land reclamation

• What is Land Reclamation?
• A process of increasing the amount of usable
  land.
• Reasons for land reclamation.
• -increasing demand of land
• -growing world population
• -need for recreational facilities
• Ways to increase land
• -Bringing unused land (etc. hills, deserts,
  forests) into use.
• -creating new land by sea
• -restoring damaged lands

FOR MORE INFO...
Visit this websitewww.uweb/waterland.shtml
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What is Empoldering

• Empoldering refers to the creation of polders.
• A polder is a piece of land in a low lying area
  reclaimed from a body of water by building dikes
  and by drainage.
• Empoldering can be carried out in coastal and
  inland areas such as lakes.

Features of polders

• Polders are enclosed by dikes to keep out the
  sea.
• To prevent the polders from being waterlogged,
  they are managed by drainage canals and pumps.

Dikes protect the polder from erosion Drainage
canals carry away excess water from the polders
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Major characteristic on polders reclaimed in the
17th century in north of Amsterdam

• lowest lying polders, "droogmakerijen", low
  constant water levels are maintained because of
  the intensive agricultural use, which is possible
  because these polders have a clay soil.
• higher lying polders, "veenweides" or peat
  pastures, relatively high constant water levels
  are maintained. Otherwise, the peat oxidises and
  the land surface subsides even more. Peat
  pastures are used for extensive agriculture.

A typical pasture area with high water levels and
extensive agriculture.
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• 3)Empoldering in the Netherlands

Method Of Empoldering

• First, a dike is constructed around the area to
  be reclaimed to keep water from coming in. The
  water in the reclaim area is replaced with
  freshwater.
• Secondly, pumps and drainage canals is used to
  drain the area.
• Thirdly, reeds are sown to help the soil absorb
  excess water in the soil.
• Three years later, the reeds are burnt. Drainage
  pipes are constructed. Ploughs are used till mix
  the fertile ash into the soil.
• After around 15 years, the polder can be used for
  growing crops, building houses and constructing
  roads.

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Dam
Reclaimed Area Of Netherlands
Reclaimed land
Zuider Zee
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Netherlands

• In 1986, the Netherlands did not carve out the
  province from already existing land nor did they
  annex the territory of their neighbours - Germany
  and Belgium. The Netherlands actually grew.
• The Frisians, who first settled in the
  Netherlands began to build the terpen, the first
  dykes to hold back the water.
• In 1287 the terpen that had held back the North
  Sea failed and water flooded the country.
• - A new bay called Zuider zee was created over
  the former farmland.
• - The Dutch worked to slowly push back the water
  of the Zuider zee, building dykes and creating
  polders.
• - Once the dykes were built, canals pumps were
  used to drain the land.
• - From the 1200s, windmills were used to pump
  excess water off the fertile soil today, most of
  the windmills have been replaced with
  electricity- and diesel-driven pumps.

About
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Netherlands

• Then, storms and floods in 1916 provided the
  impetus for the Dutch to start a major project to
  reclaim the Zuider Zee. From 1927 to 1932, a 30.5
  km long dyke called Afsluitdijk (the Barrier
  Dyke) was built turning the Zuider Zee into the
  IJsselmeer, a freshwater lake.
• The Zuider Zee could not accommodate the bigger
  sailing ships that had been just developed.
• With the Zuider Zee reclamation project, the area
  had many uses.
• Portions of the lake were enclosed by dikes and
  drained to form polders. They were then used for
  housing, agriculture and recreational purposes.
• The Ijssel Lake now serves as a freshwater
  reservoir, supplying water for the irrigation.
  Further protective
• dykes and works were built, reclaiming
• the land of the IJsselmeer.
• The new land led to the creation of
• a the new province of Flevoland.

About
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Netherlands

• The Zuider Zee Project was so successful that
  empoldering is now used in many parts of the
  world to control floods or to increase land
  supply.

About
FOR MORE INFO...
Today, approximately 27 percent of the
Netherlands is actually below sea level. This
area is home to over 60 percent of the country's
population of 15.8 million people. The
Netherlands, which is approximately the size of
the U.S. states Connecticut and Massachusetts
combined, has an approximate average elevation of
11 meters (36 feet). The Netherlands ties
Lemmefjord, Denmark for claim to the lowest point
in Western Europe - Prince Alexander Polder lies
at 23 feet (7 meters) below sea level.
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Pictures of the Zuider Zee Project
This defence line is the only example of a
fortification based on the control of water. It
was built between 1883 and 1920 and extends 135
km around the city of Amsterdam. The protection
of the center of the country was ensured by a
network of 45 forts and their artillery acting in
concert with temporary flooding from polders and
an intricate system of canals and locks.
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The Wouda Pumping Station is the largest
steam-pumping station ever built. It opened in
1920 and is still in operation.
Droogmakerij de Beemster (Beemster Polder) The
oldest area of reclaimed land in The Netherlands.

Mill Network at Kinderdijk-Elshout


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Can Empoldering be used in Singapore

• Empoldering cannot be used in Singapore
• The sea around Singapore is deep.
• It may harm marine life and endanger them.
• There is no narrow water way to build a dam.
• It takes too long a time to use empoldered land.

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Can land fill method be used in the Netherlands?

• Land fill can be used in the Netherlands
• The Zuider zee is shallow enough.
• It takes a shorter time than empoldering.

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4)Resources

• Geography Textbook
• Internet

• Thank You

Picture of Mill Network at Kinderdijk-Elshout