Title: Woman
1Womans World In the 19th Century
Portrait of Miss Margaret Henderson by John
William Waterhouse, 1900
2Victorian
3(No Transcript)
4(No Transcript)
5Keira Knightley in Pirates of the Caribbean
6 The Corset
Camille Clifford
7- Corsets, crinolines, hoopskirts exaggerate hips,
breasts, waist - Impede movement,
- breathing
- Foster unrealistic
- image of womans
- body
Cutaway view of crinoline, Punch, 1856
8Idealization of Woman as Angel/Goddess/Fairy/Mothe
r
- Paradox of ideal vs. real
- The Angel in the House
- (Coventry Patmore)
- Blessed Damozel
- Lady of Shalott
- (Alfred Lord Tennyson)
Emily Patmore, The Angel in the House by John
Brettx
9Goddess
The Blessed Damozel by Dante Gabriel Rossetti
10Fairy
Midsummers Eve by Edward Robert Hughes
11Angel
Angel by Abbot Handerson Thayer, 1889
12Mother
Mother and Child by Lord Leighton
13Influence of Queen Victoria 1819-1901
- Icon of femininie domesticity
- Devoted wife to Albert and mother of nine
- Retreated to seclusion at Alberts death in 1861
Portrait of Queen Victoria Sir Francis Grant, 1843
14Impact of Industrial Revolution
- Separate Spheres
- Social theory enforcing gender polarity
Home
Work Place
15Separate Spheres
- Men are rational, independent, competitive, and
aggressive - Women are emotional, maternal, domestic, and
dependent. - Men leave home to work public sphere
- (business politics)
- Men have permission for moral laxity
- Women rule the home and are confined to it
private sphere - Role of helpmeet, domestic manager, moral
exemplum - Home is haven from factory, firm, world
- Plush décor reflects cocooning
16Marriage
- All wealth owned, inherited, or earned went
legally to husband until 1882 - Divorce extremely rare
- for woman to secure
- Inheritance through
- male line
- Until 1891, runaway wife
- could be arrested and imprisoned
- Husband could divorce for adultery wife could
not.
1850 Wedding Attire
Victorian wedding attire
17AccidentalPregnancy
- Birth control literature
- illegal
- Activities heavily chaperoned--unwed pregnancy in
upper class rare - Domestic servants often seduced by employer
(typically expelled from house) - Infant abandonment/murder common
- Unwed mother could sue father in court for child
support
Richard Redgraves The Outcast 1851
18 Careers
19th century milliners
- Low-paid jobs only
- 1851, 43 of British women over 20 had no husband
(30 single, 13 widowed) - 90 of these worked
19Upper Work
- Upper tradeswomen in
- towns milliners
- dressmakers
- Upper servants of the
- wealthy governesses,
- skilled cooks, housekeepers, senior
parlour-maids, head house-maids and lady's maids
20Lower Work
- Lower working classes
- began work age 8-12
- Worked until marriage if . . .
- All earnings belonged to husband
- Lower street hawkers flowers,
- sweets, seafood, and fortune-telling
- Lower servants of middle class kitchen-maid,
scullery-maid, laundress, nursemaid, housemaid - Single maid-of-all-work 14-16 hours/day
21Domestic Servants
- Largest category of womans work--50
1880-1890
22No job-No family
- Charity of wealthy benefactors or church
- Prostitution
- Begging
- Workhouses
- Suicide
Watts Found Drowned
23- The Lady of Shalott by John William Waterhouse
24(No Transcript)
25Acknowledgements
- Young servant www.history.powys.org.uk
- Wedding gowns www.victoriana.com
- Milliners www.bbc.co.uk/history/society_culture/w
elfare/womens_work_02.shtml - Hunts The Awakening Conscience
www.csun.edu/jaa7021/h498/part3.htm - Corsets www.staylace.com/gallery/index.html
- Crinoline www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/victcfsh.htm
l - Camille Clifford www.staylace.com/gallery
- Queen Victoria www.victorianweb.org
- Servants www.sensibility.com/vintageimages/victor
ian/ - Leighton Mother www.victorianartinbritain.co.uk/l
eighton_mother.htm - Pirates of the Carribean www.erasofelegance.com
- Hughes www.denison.edu/art/fairy
- Waterhouses Portrait of Miss Margaret Henderson
http//.cgfa.sunsite.dk/ - Thayer Angel www.fineartcompanyltd.co.uk