Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Gentianales Family: Apocynaceae

1
Class Magnoliopsida Order Gentianales
Family Apocynaceae

• Perennial herbs, trees, shrubs.
• Usually milky latex.
• Leaves opposite, simple, entire.
• Flower actinomorphic, 5-merous.
• Corolla 5 petals united into a tube.
• Androecium of 5 epipetalous stamen.
• Massive stigmatic area Cavuncle.
• Fruit follicle, berry, capsule.
• Seeds often comose.
• Apocyanum dogbane Amsonia blue star

2
Class Magnoliopsida Order Gentianales
Family Asclepidaceae

• Perennial herbs, shrubs.
• Usually milky latex.
• Leaves opposite, simple, entire.
• Flower actinomorphic, bisexual, 5-merous,
  hypogenous.
• Inflorescence umbellate.

3

• Calyx of 5 basally connate sepals.
• Corolla of 5 united petals - specialized.
• 2 carpels.
• Specialized corolla structure corona - hoods (5),
  beaks (5), pistil gynostegeum grooves (5),
  anthers - pollinia (5)

4
Class Magnoliopsida Order Gentianales
Family Asclepidaceae

• Perennial herbs, shrubs.
• Usually milky latex.
• Leaves opposite, simple, entire.
• Flower actinomorphic, bisexual, 5-merous,
  hypogenous.
• Inflorescence umbellate.
• Calyx of 5 basally connate sepals.
• Corolla of 5 united petals - specialized.
• 2 carpels.
• Specialized corolla structure corona - hoods (5),
  beaks (5), pistil - gynostegeum grooves (5),
  anthers - pollinia (5)
• Fruit Follicle.
• Asclepias milkweeds

5
Class Magnoliopsida Order Polygonales Family
polygonaceae smartweeds

• 1. Herbs with swollen nodes.
• 2. Leaves with nodal ocrae.

6
Class Magnoliopsida Order Polygonales Family
polygonaceae smartweeds

• 1. Herbs with swollen nodes.
• 2. Leaves with nodal ocrae.
• 3. No corolla.
• 4. Calyx petaloid (mostly closed).
• 5. 3 carpels
• Polygonum smartweeds
• Rumex buckwheats dock
• Rheum rhubarb

7
Class Magnoliopsida Order Polygonales Family
polygonaceae smartweeds
8
Class Magnoliopsida Order Polygonales Family
polygonaceae smartweeds

• Polygonum smartweeds
• Rumex buckwheats dock
• Rheum rhubarb

9
Class Liliopsida Order Poales Family
Poaceae (Gramineae)

• Roots are always fibrous. Perennial grasses may
  have rhizomes.

10
Class Liliopsida Order Poales Family
Poaceae (Gramineae)

• Roots are always fibrous. Perennial grasses may
  have rhizomes.
• Shoots are called culms.
• Leaves are parallel-veined. Sheath, ligulle,
  blade
• Flowers (florets) are always clustered into
  spiklets.
• - 2 stigmas, 3 stamen (long filaments), No calyx
  or corolla!
• - each floret is enclosed by two scales lemma
  (may be awned), Palea

11

• Poa, Bromus, Andropogon

12
Class Liliopsida Order Cyperales
Family Cyperaceae sedges

• Herbs, stems often triangular, solid.
• Leaves 3-rankes sheaths closed no ligules.

13
Class Liliopsida Order Cyperales
Family Cyperaceae sedges

• Perennial or annual herbs, stems often
  triangular, solid.
• Leaves 3-rankes sheaths closed no ligules.
• Flowers subtended by a single bract, lodicule
  absent.
• Perianth if present represented by bristles or
  scales.
• Androecium 1 3 gynecium 2 3 if present,
  superior.

14
Class Liliopsida Order Cyperales
Family Cyperaceae sedges

• Perennial or annual herbs, stems often
  triangular, solid.
• Leaves 3-rankes sheaths closed no ligules.
• Flowers subtended by a single bract, lodicule
  absent.
• Perianth if present represented by bristles or
  scales.
• Androecium 1 3 if present gynecium 2 3 if
  present, superior perigynium sometimes covers
  pistil.
• Plants monoecious ir dioecious.
• Spikelets are usually solitary subtended by 1
  bract arrangement of spikelets in various types
  of inforescences, each inflorescence subtended by
  1 or more bracts.
• 700 genera and 4000 species worldwide, esp. in
  temperate and cold regions.
• Cyperus sedgesCyperus papyrus made into
  paper..2400 B.C. Egypt
• Carex sedges, Scirpus bulrushes, Eleocharis
  spike rushes

15
Class Liliopsida Order Cyperales
Family Cyperaceae sedges

• Carex sedges

16
Class Liliopsida Order Cyperales
Family Cyperaceae sedges

• Scirpus bulrushes

17
Class Liliopsida Order Cyperales
Family Cyperaceae sedges

• Eleocharis spike rushes