The Animal Kingdom

1
The Animal Kingdom

• BIOL 100
• 3 December 2009

2
Fig 23.4 p. 472
3
Fig 23.18 p. 481

• Phylum Mollusca
• 100,000 species of mollusks
• Mantle cavity, muscular foot, shell
• Most divergent class the cephalopod mollusks

4
Fig 23.23 p. 485

• Phylum Annelida
• 100,000 species of lugworms, earthworms, and
  leeches
• Segmented with metameres

5
Fig 23.25 p. 489

• Phylum Arthropoda
• 1.1 million species of arthropods
• Chelicerates
• Spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, daddy longlegs
• Crustaceans
• Crabs, lobster, shrimp, crayfish, pillbugs
• Uniramians
• Insects, centipedes, millipedes

6
Deuterostomes
7
Fig 24.2 p. 497
8
Fig 24.4 p. 498

• Phylum Echinodermata
• 6000 species of starfish, sea urchins, sand
  dollars, sea cucumbers, etc.
• Re-evolved (penta)radial symmetry
• Water vascular system

9
Fig 24.5 p. 499

• Phylum Chordata
• 41,000 species
• Three subphyla
• Four primitive features unite tunicates and
  amphioxus to vertebrates

10
Fig 24.12 p. 504

• The Origin of Tetrapods
• Amphibia (first)
• Later Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia stem from
  Amphibia

11
Fig 24.17 p. 508

• The Amniotic Egg (or membranes, in live bearers)
• Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia
• Separates reproduction from wet habitats needed
  by amphibians

12
Fig 24.16 p. 507

• Reptiliaparaphyletic if it does not include Aves
• 6000/8700 species
• Turtle branch wrong
• Snakes, lizards, crocodilians, and turtles
  birds dinosaurs and other extinct taxa

13
Fig 24.22 p. 511

• Aves
• 8700 species
• Wings, feathers, flight, and endothermy
• Descendants of dinosaurs

14
Fig 24.23 p. 512

• Mammalia
• 4400 species
• Fur and mammaries
• Three major lineages
• Monotremes
• Marsupials
• Placentals