EastSouth Africa

1
East/South Africa
2
East Africa

• Sudan, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania,
  Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti
• Horn of Africa

3
Landforms

• Great Rift Valley
• West and East Rift Valley
• Volcanoes within and near both rifts
• Kilimanjaro- near equator, but snow capped
• Nile River
• Flows N through Sudan to Mediterranean
• Blue and White Nile
• ½ of water from White Nile evaproates

4
Animals

• Giraffes, lions, wildebeests, zebras, others
• Tsetse fly carry human disease sleeping
  sickness
• Most animals immune
• Can spread to livestock
• Area has few farmers/herders
• Leave animal populations undisturbed
• National Parks

5
Resources

• Not rich in resources
• Soil not productive
• Small mineral deposits, some oil discovered
  recently
• Scenery considered a resource
• Safaris, tourism

6
Europeans

• Colonized East Africa
• Built cities, hospitals, ports, roads, schools
• Education
• Railways
• Independence 1950-60s

7
Culture

• Several hundred ethnic groups
• Nilotic
• Masai
• Tutsi
• Cushitic
• Amhara
• Somali
• Bantu
• Kikuyu
• Hutu

8
Industry

• Electricity
• Hydropower
• Most E African countries produce 90 of their
  electricity through hydropower
• Uganda- 99

9
Issues

• Overpopulation
• Poverty
• Malnutrition
• Ethnic Conflicts
• Genocide
• Rwanda 1994
• Hutu and Tutsi
• 200,000 people died by machete
• Western world did nothing

10
Somalia

• Ethnic Somali and Muslim
• No central government since 1990
• Clans fight for power
• Violence
• Pirate Attacks off Horn of Africa

11
South Africa

• Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South
  Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Lesotho,
  Swaziland
• 4 island groups Madagascar, Comoros, Mauritius,
  Seychelles
• Wildlife conservation vs. need for land and
  resources

12
Physical

• Coastal plain and plateau
• In between is escarpment steep face at edge of
  plateau or other raised area
• Orange river
• Zambezi river
• Victoria Falls
• Biodiversity- many different plant an animal
  species
• Namib desert worlds highest sand dunes
• Kalahari desert plant and animal life
• Veld grassy, high plains

13
Resources

• Energy and mineral
• Petroleum
• Coal
• Gold
• Platinum
• Diamonds
• Copper

14
History

• Hunter/gatherer
• Bantu
• Kingdoms
• Portuguese explored S. African coast
• Set up small bases for trade

15
Colonial Era

• Colonial Era
• Dutch set up small settlement at Cape of Good
  Hope
• French and German joined Dutch farmers
• Settlers known as Boers
• Called themselves Afrikaners
• Developed new language called Afrikaans
• Combined Dutch with African words
• Late 1800s GB took over the Cape area
• Afrikaners moved inland
• Diamonds and gold discovered

16
Independence

• Late 1900s
• White minority rule
• Afrikaners continued to control South Africa
• Apartheid
• Black South Africans denied political rights
• Means separateness
• Similar to separate but equal in U.S.
• Mixed race called Coloureds and Asians had
  higher status that black South Africans

17
Ending Apartheid

• Made South Africa an outcast in world community
• Economic sanctions- penalties intended to force a
  country to change its policies
• African National Congress (ANC)
• 1990 South African government released Nelson
  Mandela (leader of ANC) from prison
• Imprisoned from 1962-1990
• Nobel Peace Prize in 1993
• 1994 1st elections open to all citizens
• Nelson Mandela elected- nations 1st black
  president

18
Challenges

• Poverty- most serious problem
• Malnutrition
• Unemployment
• High birthrate
• Housing shortage
• Urban pollution
• Drought
• Flooding
• Deforestation
• Soil Erosion

19
HIV/AIDS

• Over ¼ of population of some countries
• Boswana 36 of people ages 15-49
• Average life expectancy falling
• Education in hope of slowing spread
• Western drug companies aid
• P.546- read and answer questions