A Cladogram of Plant Groups

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A Cladogram of Plant Groups
Section 22-1
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The Diversity of Plants
Section 22-1
Cone-bearing plants760 species
Floweringplants235,000 species
Ferns andtheir relatives11,000 species
Mosses andtheir relatives15,600 species
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General plant characteristics

• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Autotrophic
• Cell walls that contain cellulose
• Chloroplasts contain Chloro-phylls a and b

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Nonvascular plants

• No vascular tissue
• No true roots, stems or leaves
• Water absorbed by osmosis

Moss
Liverwort
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Vascular plants

• Well developed vascular system
• Xylem transports water
• Phloem transports food
• Tracheids provide support

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Seedless Vascular Plants

• Most have true roots and leaves
• Require water for sexual reproduction
• Can reproduce asexually with spores
• Must live in or near water

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Diversity
Ferns
Club moss
Horsetails
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Seed Bearing Vascular Plants

• Do not need water for reproduction
• Two groups
• Gymnosperms (naked seeds)
• 4 phyla
• Angiosperms (flowering plants) Phylum Anthophyta

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Compare/Contrast Table
Section 22-4
Comparing Features of Seed Plants
Feature Seeds Reproduction Examples
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Bear their seeds on cones Can reproduce without
water male gametophytes are contained in pollen
grains fertilization occurs by
pollination Conifers, cycads, ginkgoes,
gnetophytes
Bear their seeds within flowers Can reproduce
without water male gametophytes are contained in
pollen grains fertilization occurs by
pollination Grasses, flowering trees and shrubs,
wildflowers, cultivated flowers
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Gymnosperm diversity
Ginkgo
Spruce
Cycad
Pine
Redwood
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Angiosperm diversity
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Comparison of Monocots and Dicots
Section 22-5
Monocots
Dicots
Seeds
Leaves
Flowers
Stems
Roots
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Monocots on the left, dicots on the right
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Monocot diversity
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Dicot diversity
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Plant organs
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