Roman Republic

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Roman Republic
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Early Rome (sec. 1)

• Founding Fathers
• Romulus Remus
• Legendary founding fathers
• 753 B.C.
• Peoples of Italy
• Latins
• Etruscans
• Greeks

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Early Rome

• Who settled Rome?
• Latins
• Lived near Tiber river
• No written records
• Who ruled Rome for over a century?
• Etruscans
• ADVANCED
• Etruscan Kings controlled Rome for 100 years!
• SENATE
• Advised the King

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Roman Republic

• Birth of a Republic
• 509 B.C.
• Senators / Patricians revolted against Etruscan
  King
• Roman Social Classes
• Patricians
• WEALTHY landowners
• Plebians
• Common citizens
• Worked with their hands
• Paid taxes
• Served in army
• Could be sold into slavery

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Roman Republic Who Governed?

• Executive
• Consuls
• Managed Govt
• 2 Consuls
• Veto each other
• 1 year term
• Controlled military
• In times of emergency in Rome, who was given
  ABSOLUTE POWER for a period of 6 months?
• Dictator

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Roman Republic Who Governed?

• Legislative
• SENATE
• 300 members
• served for LIFE
• PATRICIAN class
• Advised Consuls
• Pass laws
• TRIBUNE
• Elected by PLEBIANS
• Protected rights
• VETO any law

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Roman Law

• Law of the 12 Tables
• 450 B.C.
• Roman legal code placed on 12 Bronze Tablets.
• Placed in PUBLIC
• Applied to EVERYONE

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Roman Expansion Punic Wars

• 1st Punic War 264 B.C.
• Cause
• Carthage invaded Sicily
• Actions
• Carthage strong NAVY
• Rome strong ARMY
• Rome made navy
• Put plank on ship
• Soldiers jump on Carthage ships
• Rome DEFEATED Carthage
• Outcome
• 23 year war
• Rome controlled Sicily and other islands

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Roman Expansion Punic Wars

• 2nd Punic War 218 B.C.
• Cause
• Hannibal invaded Italy
• 40,000 soldiers
• Elephants
• Actions
• Hannibal won every battle in Italy
• Stayed in Italy for 15 years
• Rome attacked Carthage in Africa
• Scipio defeated Hannibal
• Battle of Zama
• 202 B.C.
• Outcome
• Rome seized more territory
• DESTROYED CARTHAGE in 3rd Punic War (149 B.C.)

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Roman Republic Territorial Expansion
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Roman Republic - PROBLEMS

• Why did Roman Poor grow Poorer?
• Roman army
• citizen soldiers
• Farmers
• Rome Expanded its territory
• Soldiers stayed away longer
• Govt seized land to pay taxes
• Soldiers became HOMELESS POOR
• Poor moved to cities
• Few jobs for poor
• SLAVES held most jobs

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Roman Republic - PROBLEMS

• Who helped the poor? What happened?
• Gracchus Brothers
• Tiberius 134 B.C.
• Gaius 123 B.C.
• Tribunes
• Land reforms
• Give land to poor
• Take land from rich
• Reduce price of grain
• Help more people become citizens of Rome
• What happened to them?
• Senators Patricians did not like them
• Both were KILLED

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Roman Republic - Problems

• How did Military leaders Gain Power?
• Marius 110 B.C.
• Built army from POOR
• Promised SOLDIERS
• Money
• land
• Soldiers became loyal to GENERALS, not REPUBLIC
• Lucius Sulla 88 B.C.
• Challenged Marius
• Defeated Marius
• Killed enemies
• Ruled as DICTATOR

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End of a Republic

• Julius Caesar
• 1st Triumvirate (59 49 B.C.)
• JC, Crassus, Pompey
• Controls Roman govt
• Conquers GAUL (modern day France) 58 50 B.C
• Invades Rome 49 B.C.
• Absolute Ruler 49 44 B.C.
• Made enemies Govt officials
• Made calendar more accurate
• Assassinated
• March 15, 44 B.C.

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End of a Republic

• Beginning of Empire
• Octavian
• Caesars nephew / adopted son
• 2nd Triumvirate
• Marcus Antony Octavian
• Octavian Antony become enemies
• Octavian defeats Antony Cleopatra
• BECOMES 1ST EMPEROR
• Sets up paid administrators
• Civil services