Title: Toxicity of Daphnia to Manganese Compared to Manganese Concentrations in Local Waters
1Toxicity of Daphnia to Manganese Compared to
Manganese Concentrations in Local Waters
- Kristel Fijolek
- Senior Capstone, Spring 2005
2Overview
- Introduction and Background
- Hypothesis
- Materials and Methods
- Results
- Conclusion
3Introduction and Background
- Manganese
- Found in the natural environment
- Range found in potable water 0.0019 0.0091
mg/L - Range found in environmental fresh water 0.00097
1.835 mg/L - Levels increase with acid mine drainage
- Eramet 4,000,000 pounds/yr into the air
4Introduction and Background continued
Eramet, Rt. 7.
5Introduction and Background continued
- Manganese
- Toxicity causes Parkinsons like symptoms
- Normal blood level lt 10 µg/L
- Can move up the food chain by concentrating in
the tissues passed on to the organism which
eats it
6Introduction and Background continued
- Daphnia magna as bioindicators
- Require little space and care
- Easy to acquire and inexpensive
- Short life cycle
- Important link in the food chain
- Sensitive to toxins
- Commonly used in acute toxicity studies
7Introduction and Background continued
http//www.cisba.it/images/DaphniaMagna.gif
8Hypothesis
- My questions
- How much of the manganese in the air is getting
into the water? - What is the LC50 for Daphnia, and how does this
compare with local manganese levels? - Null hypothesis
9Materials and Methods
- 48 hour acute toxicity testing
- 20 Daphnia per culture dish number dead counted
per dish and averaged per concentration - 3 dishes per MnSO4 concentration
- Testing carried out in culture medium and
filtered Ohio River water
10Materials and Methods continued
Daphnia cultures
11Materials and Methods continued
- Daphnia culture medium
- CaSO4 H2O 192 mg/L
- NaHCO3 192 mg/L
- MgSO4 120 mg/L
- KCl 8 mg/L
12Materials and Methods continued
Dosing set-up
13Materials and Methods continued
- Analysis of water samples
Perkin-Elmer 1100B Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer - Limit of detection 0.052 mg/L
www.york.ac.uk/depts/eeem/pics/photos/Dept/perkine
lmeraa.jpg
14Materials and Methods continued
15Materials and Methods continued
- All samples filtered through Whatman 1 filter
paper - Ohio River
- Veto Lake
- Marietta College tap water
16Results acute toxicity
RW and CM Y .0233 X 11.442
17Results LC50
- From the equations of the trendlines, 50 ( dead)
used for the Y value to calculate LC50 - LC 50 in river water 165 mg/L
- LC 50 in culture medium 165 mg/L
18Results water analysis
19Results water analysis
- Veto Lake below limit of detection
- Ohio River below limit of detection
- Tap water below limit of detection
- Limit of detection 0.052 mg/L
20Conclusion
- LC50 for Daphnia was much higher than the Mn
levels found in the water samples. - Mn levels in the water samples were not high
enough to kill Daphnia
21Acknowledgements
- Dr. Brown, Dr. McShaffrey, and the Marietta
College biology department. - Photographs (unless otherwise indicated) by Bill
Fijolek
22References
- Carroll, KC, Lopez, DL, and Stoertz MW. 2003.
Solute Transport at Low Flow in an Acid Stream
in Appalachian Ohio. Water, Air, and Soil
Pollution. 144195-222. - Centers for Disease Control. Health Consultation.
Washington County Air Quality (a/k/a Marietta
Air Emissions) Marietta, Washington County,
Ohio. 7 Sept. 2004. - ltwww.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/marietta/wca_
pl.htmlgt - Crompton TR. 1997. Toxicants in the Aqueous
Ecosystem. West Sussex, England Wiley Sons. - Environmental Defense. Scorecard. 13 Sept. 2004.
ltwww.scorecard.orggt
23References continued
- Environmental Inquiry. Bioassays Using Daphnia.
28 Aug. 2004. http//ei.cornell.edu/toxicology/b
ioassays/daphnia/ analyze.aspgt - Guilhermino L, Diamantino M, Silva C, and Soares
AMVM. 2000. Acute Toxicity Test with Daphnia
magna An Alternative to Mammals in the
Prescreening of Chemical Toxicity? Ecotoxicology
and Environmental Safety. 46 357-362. - Miller WE, Greene, JR, and Shiroyama T. 1978,
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Corvallis
Environmental Research Laboratory. - Rand, G. ed. 1995. Fundamentals of Aquatic
Toxicology Effects, Environmental Fate, and
Risk Assessment. Washington DC Taylor and
Francis.
24Questions?