Toxicity of Daphnia to Manganese Compared to Manganese Concentrations in Local Waters

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Toxicity of Daphnia to Manganese Compared to
Manganese Concentrations in Local Waters

• Kristel Fijolek
• Senior Capstone, Spring 2005

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Overview

• Introduction and Background
• Hypothesis
• Materials and Methods
• Results
• Conclusion

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Introduction and Background

• Manganese
• Found in the natural environment
• Range found in potable water 0.0019 0.0091
  mg/L
• Range found in environmental fresh water 0.00097
  1.835 mg/L
• Levels increase with acid mine drainage
• Eramet 4,000,000 pounds/yr into the air

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Introduction and Background continued
Eramet, Rt. 7.
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Introduction and Background continued

• Manganese
• Toxicity causes Parkinsons like symptoms
• Normal blood level lt 10 µg/L
• Can move up the food chain by concentrating in
  the tissues passed on to the organism which
  eats it

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Introduction and Background continued

• Daphnia magna as bioindicators
• Require little space and care
• Easy to acquire and inexpensive
• Short life cycle
• Important link in the food chain
• Sensitive to toxins
• Commonly used in acute toxicity studies

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Introduction and Background continued
http//www.cisba.it/images/DaphniaMagna.gif
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Hypothesis

• My questions
• How much of the manganese in the air is getting
  into the water?
• What is the LC50 for Daphnia, and how does this
  compare with local manganese levels?
• Null hypothesis

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Materials and Methods

• 48 hour acute toxicity testing
• 20 Daphnia per culture dish number dead counted
  per dish and averaged per concentration
• 3 dishes per MnSO4 concentration
• Testing carried out in culture medium and
  filtered Ohio River water

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Materials and Methods continued
Daphnia cultures
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Materials and Methods continued

• Daphnia culture medium
• CaSO4 H2O 192 mg/L
• NaHCO3 192 mg/L
• MgSO4 120 mg/L
• KCl 8 mg/L

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Materials and Methods continued
Dosing set-up
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Materials and Methods continued

• Analysis of water samples

Perkin-Elmer 1100B Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer - Limit of detection 0.052 mg/L
www.york.ac.uk/depts/eeem/pics/photos/Dept/perkine
lmeraa.jpg
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Materials and Methods continued
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Materials and Methods continued

• All samples filtered through Whatman 1 filter
  paper
• Ohio River
• Veto Lake
• Marietta College tap water

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Results acute toxicity
RW and CM Y .0233 X 11.442
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Results LC50

• From the equations of the trendlines, 50 ( dead)
  used for the Y value to calculate LC50
• LC 50 in river water 165 mg/L
• LC 50 in culture medium 165 mg/L

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Results water analysis
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Results water analysis

• Veto Lake below limit of detection
• Ohio River below limit of detection
• Tap water below limit of detection
• Limit of detection 0.052 mg/L

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Conclusion

• LC50 for Daphnia was much higher than the Mn
  levels found in the water samples.
• Mn levels in the water samples were not high
  enough to kill Daphnia

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Acknowledgements

• Dr. Brown, Dr. McShaffrey, and the Marietta
  College biology department.
• Photographs (unless otherwise indicated) by Bill
  Fijolek

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References

• Carroll, KC, Lopez, DL, and Stoertz MW. 2003.
  Solute Transport at Low Flow in an Acid Stream
  in Appalachian Ohio. Water, Air, and Soil
  Pollution. 144195-222.
• Centers for Disease Control. Health Consultation.
  Washington County Air Quality (a/k/a Marietta
  Air Emissions) Marietta, Washington County,
  Ohio. 7 Sept. 2004.
• ltwww.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/marietta/wca_
  pl.htmlgt
• Crompton TR. 1997. Toxicants in the Aqueous
  Ecosystem. West Sussex, England Wiley Sons.
• Environmental Defense. Scorecard. 13 Sept. 2004.
  ltwww.scorecard.orggt

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References continued

• Environmental Inquiry. Bioassays Using Daphnia.
  28 Aug. 2004. http//ei.cornell.edu/toxicology/b
  ioassays/daphnia/ analyze.aspgt
• Guilhermino L, Diamantino M, Silva C, and Soares
  AMVM. 2000. Acute Toxicity Test with Daphnia
  magna An Alternative to Mammals in the
  Prescreening of Chemical Toxicity? Ecotoxicology
  and Environmental Safety. 46 357-362.
• Miller WE, Greene, JR, and Shiroyama T. 1978,
  Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
  Research and Development, Corvallis
  Environmental Research Laboratory.
• Rand, G. ed. 1995. Fundamentals of Aquatic
  Toxicology Effects, Environmental Fate, and
  Risk Assessment. Washington DC Taylor and
  Francis.

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Questions?