CITY OF CLEVELAND DIVISION OF AIR QUALITY

1
CITY OF CLEVELANDDIVISION OF AIR QUALITY

PM 2.5 Overview
2
AMBIENT AIR MONITORING PM 2.5 SITES

21 PERMANENT MONITORING LOCATIONS PM 2.5
SITES 7 Intermittent Sites 1
Continuous Site
3
PM 2.5 MONITORS
4
G.T.CRAIG MONITORING STATION
5

• PM2.5 particles are so small that 30 of them
  side-by-side would barely equal the width of a
  human hair (graphic courtesy of U.S. Department
  of Energy)

6
FINE PARTICULATE MATTERPM 2.5

• Particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter
  are called fine particles.
• These fine particles pose the largest health
  risk.
• Because of their small size, fine particles can
  lodge deeply in the lungs.
• Recent studies indicate that these fine particles
  can also be directly absorbed into the blood
  stream.
• Health studies have shown a significant
  correlation between exposure to fine particles
  and premature mortality.

7
FINE PARTICULATE MATTERPM 2.5

• Fine particulate is usually composed of secondary
  particles.
• Secondary particles are formed in the atmosphere
  by chemical reactions from primary gaseous
  emissions.
• Sulfates are formed from SO2 from power plants
  and industrial sources.
• Nitrates may form NOX emissions from power plants
  and automobiles.

8
PM 2.5NATIONAL STANDARD

• 15 micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m3)
• Maximum Annual Mean Concentration
• 65 micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m3)
• 24 - Hour Average
•  

9
Air Quality Index

• Category PM2.5 AQI
• Good 0 - 15 ug/m3
  0 50
• Moderate 15 - 40 ug/m3
  51 100
• Unhealthy for
• sensitive groups 40 - 65 ug/m3
  101 150
• Unhealthy 65 - 150 ug/m3 151
  200
• Very unhealthy 150 - 250 ug/m3
  200 300

10
INSTRUMENTS

• INTERMITTENT - ThermoAndersen Reference Ambient
  Air Sampler (RAAS) 300
• - MET ONE
  Speciation Air Sampling System (SASS)
• CONTINUOUS - Rupprecht Patashnick 1400 AB
• with the 8500 FDMS

11
INTERMITTENT MONITORS

• Principle of Operation
• Known volume of air across the filter over a
  24 hour period
• Concentration is determined by weight
  accumulated over time

12
INTERMITTENT MONITORS

• Filter Medium
• Operational Cycles
• 1 in 3 Day
• 1 in 6 Day

13
INTERMITTENT MONITORS

• PM 2.5
• Andersen RAAS 300 Sequential samplers (filter)
• Speciation
• MET ONE SASS (canisters)

14
Andersen RAAS 300Sampler
15
Andersen RAAS 300

• Utilizes software for event programming,
  calibration and maintenance
• Stores over 16 days of 5-minute interval data
• Stores up to 50 sample event summaries
• Small data link downloads information from the
  field for uploads into desktop or laptop computer

16
MET ONESpeciation Sampler
17
MET ONESpeciation Sampler

• Utilizes software for single day event
  programming
• Canisters concept provides data integrity-
  contamination proof
• Utilizes multiple filter media

18
FILTER PROCESSING EXTERNAL

• RAAS filters are shipped to the Hamilton County
  Environmental Services lab in Cincinnati, Ohio
  for analysis
• MET ONE canisters are shipped to a lab at
  Research Triangle Park in North Carolina analysis

19
PM 2.5 CONTINUOUS MONITOR

• 24 Hour coverage with only down time for
  maintenance
• Instantaneous readout through a data logger
• Anyone with the phone numbers and codes can query
  the data logger

20
CONTINUOUS PM2.5

• Principle of Operation
• Utilizes tapered element oscillating
  microbalance (TEOM) technology
• - Measures the mass collected on a filter
  cartridge by monitoring the change of frequency
  of the tapered element

21
PM 2.5 Continuous Site

• Existing
• G.T. Craig
• Planned
• St. Theodosus Church

22
PM 2.5 CONTINUOUSINSTRUMENT

• Rupprecht Patashnick 1400AB
• with FDMS 8500

23
Rupprecht Patashnick 1400 ABContinuous Monitor
24
INTERMITTENT MONITORS
PM 2.5 Monitor
PM 2.5 Speciation Monitor
PM 2.5, Speciation, Continuous Monitor
25
QA/QC

• Instruments are calibrated once a year or as
  needed
• RAAS and SASS receive monthly system checks to
  ensure proper operation
• Internal audits are conducted by CDAQ staff
• External audits are conducted by OEPA personnel
  once a quarter

26
CITY OF CLEVELANDDIVISION OF AIR QUALITY

PM 2.5 Overview