glass in interior architecture

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glass in interior architecture
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naturally colored glass is composed of 72
silica, 15 soda, 10 lime, and 3 other
impurities. silica is basically sand.
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• Glass is not naturally colorless. Beach sand
  invariably contains black particles of iron
  oxides scattered through it.
• When fired in a usual, oxygen-rich environment
  (i.e., with the furnace in an oxidizing state),
  these impurities give the glass a natural
  aquablue
• to light green tinge.

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until the 1750s glass was only made in small
sizes due to the difficulty of manufacturing
larger pieces. this spun glass disc would be cut
into usable panes of relatively clear glass.
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the history of glass making in england

• Window Glass was not produced in significant
  quantities in this country until -
• 1226 BROAD SHEET was first made in Sussex, but of
  poor quality, and fairly opaque. Manufacture
  slowly decreased and ceased by the early 16th
  Century.
• 1330 French glassmakers produced CROWN GLASS for
  the first time at Rouen. Some French Crown and
  Broad Sheet was imported into the UK.
• 1620 BLOWN PLATE was produced in London by
  grinding and polishing Broad Sheet, and was used
  for mirrors and Coach Plates.
• 1678 CROWN GLASS was first produced in London.
  Because of its finer quality, this process
  predominated until the mid nineteenth century.
• 1688 The French produced POLISHED PLATE in larger
  sizes by casting and hand polishing.
• 1773 English POLISHED PLATE by the French process
  was produced at Ravenshead. By 1800 a steam
  engine was used to carry out the grinding and
  polishing of the cast glass.

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• 1834 Robert Lucas Chance introduced IMPROVED
  CYLINDER SHEET, using a German process to produce
  finer quality and larger panes. This glass was
  used to glaze The Crystal Palace. The process was
  used extensively until early in the 20th Century
  to make window glass. From this period onwards
  machines were developed to automate the
  production of obscured Glass and later, window
  glass.
• 1847 James Hartley introduced a ROLLED PLATE
  glass with obscured ribbed finish, which is often
  found glazed in the roofs of railway termini.
• 1888 Chance Bros introduced MACHINE ROLLED
  patterned glass.
• 1898 Pilkingtons introduced Hexagonal Rolled
  WIRED CAST.
• 1903 MACHINE DRAWN CYLINDER Glass invented in the
  USA, was manufactured in the UK by Pilkingtons
  from 1910 to 1933.
• 1913 Belgium produced the first machine FLAT
  DRAWN SHEET glass. It was first drawn in the UK
  in 1919 in Kent .
• 1923 First UK production of continuous POLISHED
  PLATE glass, using single grinding system.
• 1938 Pilkingtons developed the twin ground
  POLISHED PLATE system.
• 1959 FLOAT GLASS was launched on the UK Market,
  invented by Sir Alistair Pilkington.tair
  Pilkington.

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Tim Macfarlane Achieving the Impossible with
laminated glass
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• Tim Macfarlane is an architectural engineer whose
  London-based practice, Dewhurst, Macfarlane and
  Partners, works with architects and clients
  worldwide.
• Tim's pioneering work with beams, columns and
  cantilever canopies of laminated glass has been
  honored four times (1995, twice in 1996 and 1997)
  in the DuPont Benedictus Awards for innovation in
  architectural laminated glass.

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glass subway canopy, Tokyo, Japan
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laminated glass cantilevered beams
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tim macfarlanes design sketches
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glass stairways
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laminated glass applications
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details within glass stair construction
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float glass

• Most of the worlds flat glass is now made by the
  float process developed by Pilkington in the
  early 1960s.
• Molten glass, at approximately 1000ºC, is poured
  continuously from a furnace onto a shallow bath
  of molten tin.
• It floats on the tin, spreads out and forms a
  level surface.
• Thickness is controlled by the speed at which the
  solidifying glass ribbon is drawn off from the
  bath.
• After annealing (controlled cooling) the glass
  emerges as a 'fire' polished product with
  virtually parallel surfaces.

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how glass is made

• http//www.glasswebsite.com/video/default.asp

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the float glass process
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corning museum of glass, corning, n.y.sculpture
by dale chihuly
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galleria, toronto, canadadesigned by santiago
calatrava
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connecting glass pieces to other glass pieces, or
connectingglass pieces to other building parts
requires careful, and oftensophisticated,
detailing.
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here the steel column and beam structure of the
building is separated from the glass enclosing
planes by building an additional light structure
just for the glazing.
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a steel connector a drawing of the same
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the glass is virtually invisible, allowing the
unusual, and dynamic, steel structure to be seen
as a whole wall.
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glass box house designed by ken yokogawa,
located in kobe, japanthe interior seems to be
pulled to the outdoors because of the large
expanses of clear glass
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floor plan of glass box house
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here the clear glass exterior walls of the
house disappear. this sort of application only
makes sense for a site that offers substantial
privacy.
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wood framing for the fixed glass panels, operable
sash, and doors.
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• All-glass buildings blur the boundaries between
  outside and inside.
• Transparency satisfies our curiosity about the
  inner workings of things and assures us of the
  contents of a room.

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a spider metal connector piece
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obscure glass is the term used for any glass
that distorts the view.
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bullet resistant glass
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tempered glass

• Treated glass that is strengthened by reheating
  it to just below the melting point and then
  suddenly cooling it.
• When shattered, it breaks into small pieces.
• Approximately five times stronger than standard
  annealed glass is required as safety glazing in
  patio doors, entrance doors, side lights, and
  other hazardous locations.
• It cannot be recut after tempering.

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tempered glass shatters into harmless chunks
rather than into dangerousknife shapes as
non-tempered glass does.
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laminated glass

• Laminated Glass is manufactured by permanently
  bonding two or more lites of glass with layers of
  polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer, under heat
  and pressure, to create a single construction.
• Laminated glass is used where safety is a
  priority, such as in automobile windshields, and
  overhead skylights.