AMS Technical Interchange Meeting

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Introducing Russia FederalSpace Agency
(Roskosmos)
Nikolai A. Anfimov
Director General Central Research Institute for
Machine Building (TsNIIMash), ROSKOSMOS
AMS Technical Interchange Meeting CERN, Geneva,
April 11, 2005
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ROSKOSMOS governmental agency for space activity

• 1992 Russian Space Agency (RSA)
  established
• 2000 RSA reformed into Russian
  Aviation Space Agency
  (ROSAVIAKOSMOS)
• 2004 ROSAVIAKOSMOS reformed into
  Federal Space Agency (ROSKOSMOS)

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Federal Space Programmes

• Federal Space Programme of Russiafor the period
  since 1993 to 2000 (FKP 2000)
• Federal Space Programme of Russiafor the period
  since 2001 to 2005 (FKP 2005)
• Federal Space Programme of Russiafor the period
  since 2006 to 2015 (FKP 2015)

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Central Research Institute for Machine Building
(TsNIIMash)Leading Research Institute of
Soviet/Russian Rocket Space Industry.
Established in 1946 as Research Institute No.88.
TsNIIMash since 1965

• System analysis of space activity. Proposal and
  draft development to Roskosmos. Design review for
  space projects in Russia. Key tecnologies
  development...
• Theoretical and experimental investigations in
  aerogasdynamics, heat transfer, strength,
  dynamics, ballistics and other applied
  disciplines for rocket and space applications.
  Unique test facilities.
• Spacecraft and space station ballistics and
  control.Russian Mission Control Centre (MCC
  TsUP).

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Milestones and Perspectives of Further
Development for Space Activities

• Global Objectives of Space Activities
• Safety of Humankind Existence
• Life Quality Improvement
• Understanding of Humankind Role and Place in the
  Universe
• Space Resources Utilization
• Expansion of Humankind Habitation Area in the
  Universe

Astrophysical Research to Select Goals and
Objectives of Interstellar Flights
Robotic Missions
Search and Study of Possible Extraterrestrial
Forms of Life
Human Mission
Long-term Manned Complexes for Interstellar
Flights

• Low Earth Orbital Constellation
• assembly and mounting platforms (mission to
  space)
• production facilities (mission to the Earth)

Study of Near Planets of the Solar System
On-Planet Bases (Interim, Permanent)

• Interplanetary Automated Probes
• fly-by
• landing monitoring
• landing - return

Moon and Mars Mission Vehicles
Long-term Manned Space Stations (Salyut 6 - 7,
Mir, ISS, etc.)

• Low Earth Orbit Satellites
• mission to space
• mission to the Earth
• (communication, remote sensing, TV, ecology,
  navigation)

Fundamental Research of Critical Technological
Capacities for Future
Orbital Stations (Salyut 1 5)
Transportation Systems
of New Generation - for low Earth
orbit - for high Earth orbit - for
interplanetary missions.
Logistics Transport Facilities (Soyuz, Progress,
Parom, Kliper)
Research to Develop New Space Technologies and
Systems
Manned Vehicles (Soyuz)
Manned Vehicles (Vostok, Voskhod, Soyuz)
Exploration and Utilization of Space and Solar
System
Study and Search of Other Planet Systems
Exploration Possibilities
Experimental Research, Areas Definition
Study of Space Exploration and Utilization
Possibilities
Fundamental and Applied Research, Practical
Application
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Strategy of Space Exploration

• Low Earth orbit exploration
• Creation of a human outpost on the Moon
• Creation of a human outpost on Mars
• Space exploration beyond solar system...
• Stages
  phases
• Phase of robotic facilities development to obtain
  data which are necessary for human mission
  preparation and for creation of outposts
• Phase of human outpost sites identification
• Phase of overall integration
• Operational phase characterized by regular human
  space missions and scientific research

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Main Tasks to Be Accomplished Today

• To achieve practical application of space flight
  condition for development of space-based
  technologies to produce materials, substances,
  preparations and drugs with characteristics which
  are unachievable on the Earth
• To develop systems and infrastructures for
  advanced space facilities including space
  technologies for interplanetary missions and
  transportation systems of new generation

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Further TsNIIMash et all
Experience in AMS-02 Project Problems
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Cryogenics Helium Experiments in the USSR
Cosmos - 140 Cosmos
213 1967-1968 Luch
(Beam) Kosmicheskie Issledovanija, vol. VI, No.
1, 1968. Kosmicheskie Issledovanija, vol. VII,
No. 75, 1969.
Cosmos spacecrafts 1974 ??R 4, Obzor
? Kosmicheskie Issledovanija, vol. XII, No. 6,
1974
Cooling of observation equipment sensors
Study on operation of superconducting solenoid in
space
Salut 6 1978 BST-1? Self-contained Low-Power
Cryorefrigerftiors, ed. by V.M. Brodyansky,
Moscow, Energoizdat, 1984. (in Russian)
Cooling of submillimeter telescope sensor
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Space-based High-Current Superconducting Systems
(HCSS)(Works at TSNIIMash, 1975-1985)

• References 1. Baurov Yu.A., Shabansky V.P.,
  Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (1978), v.18, N1,
  p.101
• 2. Baurov Yu.A., Ogorodnikov S.N.,
  Journal of Technical physics (1977), v.47, N 6,
  p.1135
• 3. Baurov Yu.A., Development and
  Creation of the Topological Generator Based on
  High-T superconducting Films. In Projects on
  High temperature superconductivity,
  Published by International Center for Scientific
  and Technical Information, 1992, p.203.

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Experimental Model of Superconducting Solenoid
for Studies in Complex Use of onboard
Superconducting Magnetic Systems (1980)
Problems Control of angular motion Gyros
off-loading Power stores Magnetic radiation
protection
Superconducting solenoid with superconducting
current converter (current 1000 A)
Superconducting solenoid with topological
generator (current 1000 A)
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Experimental Model for Investigating Power and
Magnetic Interactions of Superconducting
Short-Circuited Magnetic Systems (1986-87)
Magnetic moment varies in the range 0.5 - 8103
Am2 . Current in the conductor up to 850
A. Number of turns in the first coil
2000. Number of turns in the second coil 1500.
Rotating coil
Immobil coil
Superconducting key
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Cryomagnet for Investigations in Space Physics
(1990)
neck
Main characteristics
thermal insulation

• Magnetic moment 105 ??2
• Superconducting NbTi ??? Nb3Sn
• Current density ?105 ?/?2
• Operation life
• fill-in-cryostat - 60 days,
• closed circuit with a refrigerator
• no less than 2 years.

Unit of automation, monitoring and control
Laboratory specimen of onboard cryomagnet
Superconducting solenoid
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Experimental Model of Superconducting
Cryomagnetic System with Maximum Magnetic Moment
of 1.15105 ??2 (1990-1991)

• Superconducting solenoid
• magnetic moment
• 1,15105 ??2
• superconducting wire
• NbTi
• outside diameter of winding
• 430 ??
• internal diameter of winding
• 320 ??
• height of winding 119 ??
• critical current 310 ?
• arrangement in cryostat - 45?
• Cryostat
• -volume of helium tank 100 l
• diameter 900 ??
• height 1500 ??

1 superconducting solenoid 2 magnetic
transducer 3 cryostat 5 tank with helium 7, 8
- supports 9 superconducting choke 10
thermal blanket 11 vacuum valve 14 protection
diodes 16 key-jumper 17 neck
Laboratory plant for functional peculiarity study
of autonomous superconducting systems
Autonomous superconducting magnetic system
Experiment
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B
B
B
I
I
Protected volumes
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Some Layouts of Magnetic Radiation Protection
E x t e r n a l l a y o u t s
symmetrical
Axially-symmetrical
Translationally-symmetrical
I
With horizontal frames
With vertical frames
With sloped frames (block diagram)
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Some Layouts of Magnetic Radiation Protection
E x t e r n a l l a y o u t s
Non-symmetrical
baseball layout
Skornyakoffs trap
Protected volumes
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Magnetic Protection against Ionizing Radiation
for Mars Mission
Adapter module
Airlock module
Operation module
Altitude chamber
Equipment module
Command and research module
Training and medical module
Habitable module
Four-frame layout of magnetic protection
Basic MRP parameters ensuring zero
dose Protected volume 4m in diameter 4m in
length Current in each frame 1.2105 A Weight of
cryomagnetic system 1.05 t Power consumption
1.5-2.0 kW (at cyclic operation of refrigerator)
Weight of passive radiation protection is equal
to 10 t for thickness of 20 g/cm2
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The Main Task of Human Spaceflight in Russia for
Near Future
Development of the ISS Russian Segment
Development and implementation of efficient
research programs including international
cooperation
Science and Power Module (SPM)
2009
Research Module (RM)
Multipurpose Laboratory Module (MLM)
2011
2007
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Experiments on Discussed Research Areas onboard
RS ISS and Other Space Platforms
Publications
Anticipated/Obtained Results
Space Platform
Objective of experiment
Experiment Investigator
?
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Radiation Safety
XII Conference on space biology and aviation and
space medicine, Moscow, 2002, pp.58,
108,268,269,348,353.
Verification of dose forecasting methods.
Prognoz IBMP RAS
1.
Operational dose forecast.
RS ISS MIR Station (Nagruzka, Vliyanie
exp.)
Matroshka-R IBMP RAS
Perfection of space dosimetry techniques.
Estimation of radiation safety efficiency.
2.
Dose accumulation dynamics in in antropomorphic
phantom inside and outside pressurized
compartments.
RS ISS . MIR Station (Ramon, Phantom,
Dozor exp.)
Bradoz IBMP RAS
Development of effective biodosimetry means.
Testing of bioradiation dosimetry means under
real condition.
3.
RS ISS
Vspyshka IBMP RAS, MEPI
Specification of phosphene phenomena mechanism.
Estimation of radiation influence on CNS and
capabilities of operators.
4.
RS ISS
Use of Power Magnets (including ones based on
superconducting solenoids)
Magnit RSC Energia, TSNIIMASH, etc.
5.
Testing of power magnetic systems use on RS ISS.
Development of unexpendable system for unloading
gyrodynes.
RS ISS
Low Temperature Physics and Technology
Helium MEI, RSC Energia
Fundamental research on inter-phase surface in
helium.
Study of phenomena on the superfluid helium
vapor interface.
Low Temperature Physics vol.29, ?6, 2003, Special
Issue, June 2003 pp.618-623 Anfimov N.A. et al.
6.
RS ISS
To be continued
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4
3
2
1
Study of stationary and dynamic nonlinear
phenomena on the charged surface of liquid
hydrogen with subsequent experimental
verification of possible creation of
supersensitive gravimeter of new type.
Soliton ISSP RAS, RSC Energia
7.
Fundamental research of nonlinear phenomena on
the surface of condensed hydrogen.
RS ISS
----
Submillimetron APC PI RAS, RSC Energia with
wide national and international cooperation
Development of knowledge on the matter evolution,
processes of stars and planets formation, origin
of life.
8.
Astrophysical research with use of cryogenic
sub-millimeter telescope.
RS ISS
----
Study of process in the two-phase cryogenic
medium to solve problems related to development
and use of perspective space propulsion systems.
Study of heat and mass transfer and hydrodynamics
in a tank with cryogenic liquid.
9.
Volna-3 MKS Keldysh RC
RS ISS
----
BSMK JSC Biopreparat, RSC Energia
Increasing safety of biological preparations on
board.
Perfection of biological preparation sublimation
techniques with use of on-board sublimating and
freezing complex (BSMK).
10.
RS ISS
----
Kryokonservatsiya JSC Biopreparat, JSC
Biokhimmash.
Perfection of methods and technical means for
cryogenic conservation of biological preparations
on the RS ISS.
11.
RS ISS
----
----
Krystallizator IC RAS, TSNIIMASH
12.
Study of protein crystallization processes with
use of cryogenic equipment and tecnnologies.
Production of perfect protein single crystals
available for X-ray analysis.
RS ISS
----
Polygon-1 TSNIIMASH with cooperation
Perfection of quantitative and qualitative
techniques for detection of atmosphere and Earth
surface contamination with use of cryogenic
infrared analyzers.
Increase of sensibility and resolution of
registering instruments.
13.
RS ISS
----
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Low Temperature Physics vol.29, ?6,2003 Special
Issue, June, 2003, pp.628-632 Bondarenko S.I.
et al., pp.633-636 469-471 Buskin S.V. et al.
Increasing of cryogenic research and experiments
efficiency.
Kryokomplex-Kipenie TSNIIMASH with cooperation
14.
Creation of unified set of onboard cryogenic
equipment for fundamental research in low
temperature physics.
RS ISS
Use of Electric Propulsion Systems and Plasma
Generators
Since 1993, an overview of work on electric
propulsion in Russia is published annually in
Joint Propulsion Conference u International
Electric Propulsion Conference Proceedings.
TSNIIMASH is presented in separate section.
Platon TSNIIMASH
Estimation of operating SPG influence on the ISS
atmosphere and ionosphere.
Study of dynamic electrophysical interaction of
stationary plasma generator (SPG) with
environment.
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RS ISS
Study of dynamics and radio physics
characteristics of artificial plasma structures
by means of their sensing in radio waves under
different geophysical conditions.
AIAA Paper 91-2349 23 IEPC, Seattle,
1993 IEPC-93-144
AIAA-97-3065
IEPC-97-028, Cleveland, August, 1997
Study of dynamics and radio physics
characteristics of artificial plasma structures
on the RS ISS.
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Ten TSNIIMASH
RS ISS
rd
Plazma-MKS TSNIIMASH
Estimation of space effect on formation,
intensity and duration of electrical discharge
processes in the vicinity of the ISS construction
elements.
Proc. 4th International Conference on Spacecraft
Propulsion, Sardinia, Italy, 2004.
Study of plasma environment on the ISS outer
surface based on optical radiation parameters.
17.
RS ISS
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Multipurpose Space Cryocomplex with Liquid
Helium. Investigation of Heat and Mass Transfer
under Microgravity Conditions
Thermal insulation
Active phase separator

• Main lines of investigation
• Determination of excitation mechanism of
  hydromechanical processes in liquid helium.
  Influences of temperature patterns, pressures and
  properties on varions surfaces of equipment on
  convection, boiling and other types of heat
  transfer under conditions of microgravity
• Investigation into phase boundary formation and
  steam film evolution in Helium-II
• Determination of temperature gradients in liquid
  helium and heat transfer characteristics in
  two-phase mediums of cryogenics complex under
  microgravity conditions of
• Study of heat transfer under conditions of
  liquid helium boiling and development of
  cryogenics liquid crisis structure
• Study on heat and mass transfer on interphase
  surface.

Liquid helium
Cryoinsert Helium
Cryoinsert Boiling
Experimental gear of SE Cryocomplex
????? ?????????????
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Realization of Space Experiment Cryocomplex on
Transport Cargo Space Vehicle Progress as a
Part of the ISS Russian Segment
Compartment for refuel components
Research cryostat
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Combined space experiment Unity
Magnetic Transducer

• Main problems
• Study on interaction of artificial
  magnetosphere with outer space, terrestrial
  magnetosphere and ionosphere
• Development of principles of construction of
  magnetic radiation protection systems for
  spacecraft and their elements
• Development of principles of construction of
  magnetic control of orientation and
  stabilization of large-scale space objects

Rod
Cryomagnet
Instrumentation
Girder
Girder
Mating Unit
ProgressSpace Vehicle
Research Module
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Plasma Experiments onbord the ISS
ISS-PLASMA
Shadow
Study of the ISS plasma environment by
spectroscopic equipment available on Russian
Segment
A lay-out of the experiment was published in
2004. First measurement session will be in 2005.
Study of radio wave propagation through plasma
clouds using ground Amateur radio network.
Amateur radio gear is already in use onboard ISS
the ground Amateur radio network currently
consists of about 200 operators all over the
world.
PLATON
Study of interaction of exhausted plasma beam
with ISS surfaces and subsystems, own external
atmosphere of the Station and Earths
magnetosphere.
Design documentation of the Hall type Ion
Injector is under development, laboratory
hardware is under tests. The experiment is
scheduled on 2008.
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TsNIIMASHs Electric Thrusters

• Since 60-th electric thrusters are recognized in
  Russia as a key technology for future spacecraft
• TsNIIMASH has developed family of Hall electric
  thrusters for different application orbit
  keeping, orbit transfer and insertion,
  interplanetary missions

TAL-WSF - the first Hall thruster flown on board
Western spacecraft, S/C STEX, USA, 1998
D-80 - unique multi-mode two stage Hall thruster
to perform orbit insertion and orbit keeping of
GEO S/C
TM-50 the most powerful Xenon Hall thruster
developed for orbit transfer and interplanetary
missions
Multi thruster assemblies for future powerful
propulsion systems
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Russian Plans for Martian Expedition(Press
Conference at ITAR-TASS, July 5, 2002)
Novosti Kosmonavtiki, No. 10, 2002 (Cosmonautics
News, 2002, No. 10)
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Thanks for your attention!
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Introducing Russia FederalSpace Agency
(Roskosmos)
Nikolai A. Anfimov
Director General Central Research Institute for
Machine Building (TsNIIMash), ROSKOSMOS
AMS Technical Interchange Meeting CERN, Geneva,
April 11, 2005