Habitat Ecology

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Habitat Ecology where and how they
live Hydrothermal Vents
http//www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/marianas/multimedia
04.html
http//www.ocean.udel.edu/extreme2002/Mission/dive
mission
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Black Smoker Bob Ballard and others (WHOI)
1977 1979
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Rose Garden
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Hydrothermal Vent Spreading Centers (Ring of
Fire)
Warm 1 cm/sec
gtH2S gtNH4 H2 Fe2 Mn2 CH4 CO NO
Organics
HOT 1.5m/sec
Magma
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Riftia pachyptila pogonophorid worm
white sheath, red plume
Calyptogena magnifica
http//www.ocean.udel.edu/deepsea/level-2/creature
/tube.html
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Riftia Yellow is sulfur
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Dissection revealed No mouth No eyes No gut No
anus SO how do they live?
They do have trophosome tissue and hemoglobin
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Trophosome Tissue Packed with Blood vessels
and Symbiotic bacteria
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Trophosome Tissue Packed with Blood vessels
and Symbiotic bacteria
Trophosome 50 body weight Symbiont sulfur
oxidizer Like Thiovulum 3 x 109 /gram Rubisco
active so Calvin Cycle S2O32- ? S0
SO32- disproportionation
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Riftia gets food excretory products dead
cells From endosymbiotic Chemolithotrophic
Riftia provides O2 AND H2S in hemoglobin to
chemolithotrophs Also carried high CO2 which is
likely carbon source
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Calyptogena magnifica
Clams and mussels Also have sulfur oxidizers
in gill tissues Generally each animal has one
major endosymbiot
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Thiobacillus, Thiomicrospira, Thiothrix Beggiatoa,
etc
Methylococcus capsulatus is an obligately
methanotrophic gram-negative bacterium.
Hydrogen Oxidizers varied Gram -, e.g.
Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes
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Hot Vents Temps 350oC Not boil due to
pressure Black smoker due to presence of high
levels metal sulfides Make chimneys Max temp
bugs maybe up to 150oC Temperature
gradients Methanopyrus (H2 ? CH4) Pyrolobus
90-113oC, autoclave 1 hr OK, chemolithotroph
(H2 NO3 Pyrodictium strict anaerobe, H2
S0 Archaea and Bacteria
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Green FISH for Bacteria Red FISH for Archaea
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Animals as well Alvinella pompejana
Colonial tube worm Max temp 80oC Highest Eukaryote
Epibiont bacteria the fuzz Chemolithotrophic Rev
erse TCA cycle
http//www.ocean.udel.edu/deepsea/level-2/creature
/worm.html
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Vent Videos Ring of Fire
http//www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/marianas/multimedia
04.html