Essential technologies and concepts for home networks

1
Essential technologies andconcepts for home
networks

• Yasuo Tan
• School of Information Science
• Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

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Topics

• Home networks
• Architecture, Components, Examples
• Physical and Datalink for home networks
• Ethernet family
• Old and modern Ethernet
• IEEE1394
• Serial bus technology
• Isochronous transfer
• Protocol stacks
• Summary

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Home networks

• A network in the home
• Internet to home
• Network of home appliances
• New networked devices
• Huge market
• Severe requirements
• Cost
• Safety
• Ease of use

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3 types of home networks

• Audio Visual (A/V)
• TV, Stereo set
• VCR, Camera, DVD
• Amenity
• Air conditioning
• Security
• Bathroom
• Health check
• Information
• Telephone, FAX
• Internet (WWW, mail)

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Audio Visual home network

• Network of A/V equipments
• Tuner, Camera, CD, DVD, Video tape
• CD Player, VCR, DVD Player
• Stereo set, TV
• Playback (broadcasting from source to end device)
  and control
• One way (during a session) and bi-directional
  control
• Very high bit rate (100Mbps - 1Gbps)
• Home area (may be controlled from wide area)
• HAVi, VESA Home Network

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Amenity home network

• Environment management for residence(Home
  automation)
• Air conditioning
• Security
• Bathroom
• Health check
• Control
• Bi-directional
• Low bit rate (9600bps - 15Mbps)
• Home area, (access from wide area)
• X10, LonWorks, CEBus, Echonet

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Information home network

• Originates from telephone
• Telephone, Video-phone
• FAX, e-mail
• WWW, streaming
• Communication
• Bi-directional
• High bit rate (64kbps - 100Mbps)
• Wide area
• Telephone line, Internet

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VESA Home Network
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VESA Home Network
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HAVi

• Network of A/V equipments
• IEEE1394 as the network cabling and transport

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HAVi

• device class
• Full AV (FAV)
• Intermediate AV (IAV)
• Base AV (BAV)
• Legacy AV (LAV)
• Java
• Object oriented modeling

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Echonet

• Energy consumption
• Health care for seniors

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Echonet

• Proposed vision of the Echonet

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Echonet

• Scope of Echonet development

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Echonet

• Applications

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Echonet

• Gateways

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Echonet

• Gateway architecture

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Components of home networks

• Different types of networks
• different purpose
• different technologies for the same purpose
• Connection to external networks
• Gateways between heterogeneous networks
• Application servers

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Service location

• Location of the service must be discovered before
  use
• URL and DNS are the most powerful tools in the
  Internet
• Plug and play, zero administrative work is
  required in home networks
• Peer to peer communication/application is
  required for home appliances

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Jini

• Service lookup and software(driver) download
  mechanism for home appliances
• Java, RMI, Java spaces
• Service
• Federation
• Lookup service
• Discovery and Join
• http//www.sun.com/jini

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Jini
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Network protocol stacks
application
application
application
presentation
transport
transport
session
network
transport
network
network
datalink
datalink
physical
physical
physical
5 Layer
TCP/IP
OSI
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Physical and Datalink for HN(wired)
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Physical and Datalink for HN(wireless)
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Physical and Datalink for HN

• Cost
• new cabling system or not
• Ease of use
• plug and play
• physical strength
• mechanism of connectors
• Speed
• maximum speed
• total speed (bridging / switching / shared media)
• QoS control

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Ethernet

• Packet switching
• Variable length frame based communication
• MAC address on each frame
• Old Ethernet
• Shared media (CSMA/CD)
• 10 Mbps
• Co-ax cable
• Modern Ethernet
• Dedicated media with switching hub (multi-port
  bridge)
• 100-1000 Mbps
• UTP cable

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old Ethernet
host A
host B
MAC A
MAC B
MAC C
host C
host A
host B
MAC A
MAC B
MAC C
host C
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modern Ethernet
MAC A
Switching Hub
host A
P1
Buffer
host B
CPU
P2
MAC B
MAC C
host C
P3
CAM
P4
host D
MAC D
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VLAN

• Priority and multiplexing on a link

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Ethernet

• Evolved to quite different technology
• Scalable from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps
• Same frame format and compatibility
• Plug and play with hardware (MAC) address
• Priority and QoS control in bridged network
• Huge install base (low cost)
• Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM)
• Ethernet frame on the telephone line
• Under development in the IEEE802.3ah task force

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IEEE1394

• High performance serial bus
• IEEE1394 -1995
• IEEE1394a -2000
• "Not a Network" (slide 7) but used as a network
  now
• Compatible with other busses (slide 8, 9)
• Shares memory space
• Live attach and detach
• Low cost, High performance, and Unsupervised
  communication channel
• Isochronous and Asynchronous communication
• Fair arbitration for Asynchronous communication

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Addressing of IEEE1394

• 64bit IEEE1212 addressing
• Shares one address space with all devices
• Specifies the location of register/memory in each
  device

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Addressing example

• slide9

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Real-time traffic

• Real-time traffic (voice, movie) require constant
  delivery
• Data traffic tends to send data at a burst
• Data traffic can block the delivery of real-time
  data

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Isochronous communication

• Slide 4
• Reserves the bandwidth before communication
• A channel is allocated for each communication
• Guaranteed bandwidth and interval
• Ideal for video data transfer

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Asynchronous communication

• Ordinary packet communication
• Application can use 3 types of transactions
• Write Transaction
• Read Transaction
• Lock Transaction
• compare swap
• mask swap
• fetch add
• wrap add
• Split transactions are available for read and
  lock transactions

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Cycle structure of IEEE1394

• Iso and Async on the same bus!
• c.f. CSMA/CD of Ethernet

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Fairness Interval

• Fairness in Asynchronous transfer
• slide 31, 32
• All nodes who has async data take part in the
  arbitration
• Winner is determined based on the ID (which is
  dynamically assigned in the boot up process of
  the bus depending on the topology)
• If once the winner makes the asnync
  communication, it must wait until all other nodes
  finish their async transfer
• A fairness interval ends when all nodes have done
• Fairness interval is independent of the cycle

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Protocol Stack of IEEE1394

• Only the serial bus layer is defined in IEEE1394
• Other layers must be developed for each
  application classes

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Video Transfer on IEEE1394
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AV/C

• Control of Audio Visual equipments
• A equipment is divided into some logical subunits
• Sending a command and receiving its response
  using FCP (Function Control Protocol, an async
  transaction)
• Descriptors for Tuner, VCR, Disc, Camera, etc.

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IP/1394

• FIFO model
• Asynchronous Streams
• Broadcast for IP/1394 nodes only
• 1500byte MTU
• 1394 under 200Mbps cannot carry 1500byte packet
• Fragments in "IP1394 layer"

IP layer
IP packet
encapsulation header
IP1394 layer
1394 header
1394 layer
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Discussion

• What is the home network?
• What should be the home network?
• What kind of upper (layer 3 and above) protocol
  will fit?
• What kind of physical and datalink technology
  will fit?
• What will be the killer application for home
  networks?
• How home network can contribute to solve the
  social problems?
• How home network can rise your quality of life?
• When will you introduce a home network in your
  home?
• How home network change the human beings?

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Summary

• Home network is a emerging system which will have
  an impact on our daily life
• Home networks require different technologies from
  LAN or Internet, and will contain some different
  types of networks in a system
• Gateway, middleware, and datalink/physical layer
  technologies are the key points
• Ethernet and IEEE1394 are the most promising
  datalinks
• IEEE1394 is quite different technology from
  packet switching technology like Ethernet, and
  has some features especially valuable for home
  networks