What Are the States of Matter

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What Are the States of Matter?
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What you will learn

• How solids, liquids, and gases differ
• What causes matter to change from one state to
  another
• Vocabulary
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Melting point
• Boiling point
• plasma

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Terms to know

• Atom- the smallest piece of an element
• Compound- a substance made of atoms of two or
  more elements
• Molecule- two or more atoms bonded together (the
  smallest unit of a compound or more than one atom
  of an element)

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States of Matter

• Solid
• Lowest amount of energy
• Molecules dont move much
• Molecules fixed in a regular pattern
• Has its own shape
• Very hard to compress (push closer together)

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States of Matter

• Liquid
• More energy than a solid
• Molecules move some, but stay close together
• Molecules move around so liquids flow
• Takes the shape of a container its in but wont
  necessarily fill it
• Can be compressed a little

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States of Matter

• Gas
• Greatest amount of energy
• Molecules move around more
• Molecules move apart until something stops them
• Will fill a container in all directions
• Easy to compress (push closer together)

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Changes of StateAll elements and compounds can
exist in each state, it just depends on the
temperature

• Melting point the temperature at which a
  substance changes from a solid to a liquid
• Boiling point the temperature at which a
  substance changes from a liquid to a gas

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Changes of State- How?

• Adding heat (warming) causes molecules to move
  faster
• Removing heat (cooling) causes molecules to slow
  down

• http//www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_m
  atter/

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Changes of State- How

• Pressure
• High pressure gas forms liquid
• Low pressure liquid becomes gas at lower temp
• Sublimation- goes from solid to gas
• Ex. dry ice

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Plasma

• Fourth state of matter- very hot gas
• Atoms gain so much energy that they lose
  electrons
• Mixture of charged atoms, uncharged atoms, and
  electrons
• Rare on Earth but 99 of the universe
• Stars, comets
• Auroras caused by plasma from sun