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Introduction to APA Style

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Introduction to APA Style. Pamela May. State University of New York at Geneseo. What is APA? ... 'Without APA style conventions, the time and effort required to ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Introduction to APA Style


1
Introduction to APA Style
  • Pamela May
  • State University of New York at Geneseo

2
What is APA?
  • American Psychological Association
  • oversees publication of books and journals
  • provides a standard editorial style for
    manuscripts
  • Without APA style conventions, the time and
    effort required to review and edit manuscripts
    would prohibit timely and cost-effective
    publication and would make clear communication
    harder to achieve (APA, 2001, pp. xxi).

3
Learning the Basics
  • General Characteristics
  • Tone
  • Spacing and margins
  • Font
  • Page numbers
  • Headings
  • Citations
  • Specific Components
  • Title page
  • Abstract
  • Body
  • References

4
Tone
  • Scientific, not literary, writing
  • Be clear, concise, and formal
  • No long-winded sentences loaded with descriptive
    words
  • Example
  • Sally Richards is an unfortunate person
    afflicted with bipolar disorder. Her emotions
    are like a rollercoaster, sometimes shes really
    happy and sometimes shes down in the dumps.
  • Sally Richards is diagnosed with bipolar
    disorder, a disorder characterized by dramatic
    mood swings.

5
Spacing, Margins, and Font
  • Always double space
  • on title page, abstract, body
  • after headings
  • between and within references
  • 1 inch margins
  • Right, left, top, and bottom
  • 12 pt. Times New Roman

6
Page Numbers and Headers
  • Page Numbers
  • start with the title page
  • number all pages on the upper RIGHT edge
  • Page Headers
  • first two or three words from the title in upper
    right hand corner, five spaces to left of page
    number
  • Word- go to View ? Header and Footer

7
Prosopagnosia Addressing
1 Running head PROSOPAGNOSIA ADDRESSING
LATERALITY Prosopagnosia Addressing
the Problem of Laterality Sara Summers State
University of New York at Geneseo
Page number
Page header
8
Reference Citations in Text
  • One work by one author
  • In a recent study of cigarette smokers, 40,000
    reported withdrawal effects (Walker, 2000).
  • In the study by Walker (2000), 40,000...
  • One work by two authors
  • Cognitive pathways...are substantial (Earl
    Whitter, 2004).
  • Earl and Whitter (2004) found...

9
Reference Citations in Text
  • One work by three, four, or five authors
  • For the first time it is cited-
  • In a recent study of cigarette smokers, 40,000
    reported withdrawal effects (Smith, Rapp, Kurs,
    1997).
  • Smith, Rapp, and Kurs (1997) found...
  • Second time cited and after-
  • (Smith et al., 1997)
  • Smith et al. (1997)

10
Reference Citations in Text
  • One work with six or more authors- cite only the
    first author followed by et al.
  • (Koenig et al., 1994)
  • Koenig et al. (1994)

11
Reference Citations in Text
  • Two or more references within the same
    parentheses
  • By the same authors
  • Chronological order by year
  • (Walls Rine, 2000, 2003)
  • By different authors
  • Alphabetical order by the first authors last
    name, and separate works by semicolons
  • (Coldwell, 1999 Massa Abrams, 2003 Moritz
    Balmer, 2001)

12
Title Page
  • Running head
  • left justified at top, abbreviated title in
    caps., below header and page number
  • 50 characters max- including spacing and
    punctuation
  • Title
  • centered, half way down page
  • Your name and institutional affiliation
  • centered, below title, different lines for each
  • Dont forget page number, header, and double
    spacing!

13
Prosopagnosia Addressing 1
Running head PROSOPAGNOSIA ADDRESSING
LATERALITY Prosopagnosia Addressing
the Problem of Laterality Sara Summers State
University of New York at Geneseo
Running head format
14
Abstract
  • Brief but dense summary of paper
  • Begin on a new page (p. 2)
  • Type Abstract at top, centered
  • No indentation at beginning of abstract
  • Do not exceed 120 words
  • Leave the rest of the page blank, start the rest
    of the essay on page 3

15
Body
  • Begins on page 3
  • First line- Restate your title, centered
  • Start body one double-spaced line below title
  • Using a Double 3
  • Using a Double Span Task to Measure Working
    Memory
  • Performance on Recognition Tasks
  • The working memory is a system that underlies
    complex human thought processes by
  • maintaining and storing information in the short
    term (Baddeley, 2003). It keeps track of
  • what we are doing or where we are at the moment,
    and

16
A little sidetracking...
  • If references are cited in the abstract, cite
    them in full form when they are cited again in
    the body for the first time
  • In abstract for first time
  • (Smith, Rapp, Kurs, 1997)
  • In body for first time
  • (Smith, Rapp, Kurs, 1997)
  • Second time in either abstract/body
  • (Smith et al., 1997)
  • this applies to references with three or more
    authors only

17
References
  • Not a bibliography!
  • Cited references in your paper should be on your
    reference page AND anything cited on the
    reference page should be in your paper
  • Be accurate and complete

18
Reference Technicalities
  • On a separate page after the body
  • Type References on first line, centered
  • List references in alphabetical order
  • First line is left justified, hanging indent (5
    spaces) for following lines within reference
  • Tip Press Control T
  • When listing authors use not and

19
Reference Form Scholarly Journals
  • Last name, Initials of first and middle names.
    (Publication year). Title of article. Journal
    Title, Volume, Page numbers.
  • Capitalize only first letter of article title and
    after a colon if present
  • Italicize journal title and volume
  • Issue numbers are unnecessary
  • Do not write pp. for pages

20
Journal Examples
  • One to six authors- list all
  • Keller, M. P., Chance, P. F. (2003).
    Inherited neuropathies From gene to
    disease. Brain Pathology, 9, 327-341.
  • Seven or more- type first six and use et al.
    for the rest
  • Krajewski, K. M., Lewis, R. A., Fuerst, D.
  • R., Turanksy, C., Hinderer, S. R.,
  • Garbern, J., et al. (2000)...

21
Reference Form Books
  • Last name, Initials of first and middle names.
    (Publication year). Book title. Location of
    publisher Publisher.
  • If there are more than 6 authors- follow the same
    rule for journals
  • Capitalize only first letter of book title and
    after a colon if present
  • Italicize book title

22
Book Examples
  • Sosa, C. A., Maley, D. D. (2002).
    Psychological theories. Newbury Park, CA Sage.
  • Charr, J. S., Young, L. N. (Eds.). (1988).
    Child psychology. New York McGraw- Hill.
  • If book is edited put (Ed.) after editors name
  • If city is well known (New York, Chicago,
    Philadelphia, etc.), do not include state

23
Book Examples cont.
  • Referring to a chapter in an edited book
  • Thomas, P. K. (2005). Charcot-Marie-Tooth
    disease Historical perspective and
    overview. In G. J. Parry (Ed.),
    Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disorders A Handbook
    for Primary Care Physicians (pp. 1-4).
    Chicago The Charcot- Marie-Tooth
    Association.
  • Chapter author and date ? chapter title ? In
    editor (Ed.) of whole book ? Book title and
    chapter numbers (pp.) ? Publisher information

24
Reference Form Websites
  • Includes internet-only journals, websites,
    newsgroups, online discussion groups, etc.
  • General online document form
  • Last name, Initials. (Publication year). Title of
    work. Retrieved month day, year, from
    site
  • Capitalize only first letter of title and after a
    colon if present
  • Italicize title
  • Always include Retrieved date and from site


25
Website Example
  • Crow, T. J. (2003). Being happy. Retrieved
    August 6, 2003, from http//www.health.com/
  • _4a.html1

26
Reference Form Motion Pictures
  • General form
  • Producers last name, Initials (Producer),
    Directors last name, Initials (Director).
    (Year). Title of video Motion picture.
    Country Movie Studio.
  • Identify primary contributors as directors,
    producers, or both (Producer/Director)
  • Capitalize only first letter of title and after a
    colon if present
  • Italicize title, identify it as a motion picture
    in brackets immediately after

27
Motion Picture Example
  • Thomas, T. (Producer), Kine, D.
    (Writer/Director). (1980). Ten wonderful things
    about you Motion picture. United States
    Paramount Pictures.

28
  • Note This PowerPoint is only a basic
  • introduction to APA. For more specific
  • guidelines, please refer to the latest
  • Publication Manual.

29
References
  • American Psychological Association. (2001).
    Publication manual of American Psychological
    Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC American
    Psychological Association.
  • Tomczak, T. A students guide to American
    Psychological Association (APA) publication
    style. Unpublished manuscript, Genesee Community
    College, Batavia.
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