Title: Introduction to APA Style
1 Introduction to APA Style
- Pamela May
- State University of New York at Geneseo
2What is APA?
- American Psychological Association
- oversees publication of books and journals
- provides a standard editorial style for
manuscripts - Without APA style conventions, the time and
effort required to review and edit manuscripts
would prohibit timely and cost-effective
publication and would make clear communication
harder to achieve (APA, 2001, pp. xxi).
3Learning the Basics
- General Characteristics
- Tone
- Spacing and margins
- Font
- Page numbers
- Headings
- Citations
- Specific Components
- Title page
- Abstract
- Body
- References
4Tone
- Scientific, not literary, writing
- Be clear, concise, and formal
- No long-winded sentences loaded with descriptive
words - Example
- Sally Richards is an unfortunate person
afflicted with bipolar disorder. Her emotions
are like a rollercoaster, sometimes shes really
happy and sometimes shes down in the dumps. - Sally Richards is diagnosed with bipolar
disorder, a disorder characterized by dramatic
mood swings.
5Spacing, Margins, and Font
- Always double space
- on title page, abstract, body
- after headings
- between and within references
- 1 inch margins
- Right, left, top, and bottom
- 12 pt. Times New Roman
6Page Numbers and Headers
- Page Numbers
- start with the title page
- number all pages on the upper RIGHT edge
- Page Headers
- first two or three words from the title in upper
right hand corner, five spaces to left of page
number - Word- go to View ? Header and Footer
7 Prosopagnosia Addressing
1 Running head PROSOPAGNOSIA ADDRESSING
LATERALITY Prosopagnosia Addressing
the Problem of Laterality Sara Summers State
University of New York at Geneseo
Page number
Page header
8Reference Citations in Text
- One work by one author
- In a recent study of cigarette smokers, 40,000
reported withdrawal effects (Walker, 2000). - In the study by Walker (2000), 40,000...
- One work by two authors
- Cognitive pathways...are substantial (Earl
Whitter, 2004). - Earl and Whitter (2004) found...
9Reference Citations in Text
- One work by three, four, or five authors
- For the first time it is cited-
- In a recent study of cigarette smokers, 40,000
reported withdrawal effects (Smith, Rapp, Kurs,
1997). - Smith, Rapp, and Kurs (1997) found...
- Second time cited and after-
- (Smith et al., 1997)
- Smith et al. (1997)
10Reference Citations in Text
- One work with six or more authors- cite only the
first author followed by et al. - (Koenig et al., 1994)
- Koenig et al. (1994)
11Reference Citations in Text
- Two or more references within the same
parentheses - By the same authors
- Chronological order by year
- (Walls Rine, 2000, 2003)
- By different authors
- Alphabetical order by the first authors last
name, and separate works by semicolons - (Coldwell, 1999 Massa Abrams, 2003 Moritz
Balmer, 2001)
12Title Page
- Running head
- left justified at top, abbreviated title in
caps., below header and page number - 50 characters max- including spacing and
punctuation - Title
- centered, half way down page
- Your name and institutional affiliation
- centered, below title, different lines for each
- Dont forget page number, header, and double
spacing!
13 Prosopagnosia Addressing 1
Running head PROSOPAGNOSIA ADDRESSING
LATERALITY Prosopagnosia Addressing
the Problem of Laterality Sara Summers State
University of New York at Geneseo
Running head format
14Abstract
- Brief but dense summary of paper
- Begin on a new page (p. 2)
- Type Abstract at top, centered
- No indentation at beginning of abstract
- Do not exceed 120 words
- Leave the rest of the page blank, start the rest
of the essay on page 3
15Body
- Begins on page 3
- First line- Restate your title, centered
- Start body one double-spaced line below title
- Using a Double 3
- Using a Double Span Task to Measure Working
Memory - Performance on Recognition Tasks
- The working memory is a system that underlies
complex human thought processes by - maintaining and storing information in the short
term (Baddeley, 2003). It keeps track of - what we are doing or where we are at the moment,
and
16A little sidetracking...
- If references are cited in the abstract, cite
them in full form when they are cited again in
the body for the first time - In abstract for first time
- (Smith, Rapp, Kurs, 1997)
- In body for first time
- (Smith, Rapp, Kurs, 1997)
- Second time in either abstract/body
- (Smith et al., 1997)
- this applies to references with three or more
authors only
17References
- Not a bibliography!
- Cited references in your paper should be on your
reference page AND anything cited on the
reference page should be in your paper - Be accurate and complete
18Reference Technicalities
- On a separate page after the body
- Type References on first line, centered
- List references in alphabetical order
- First line is left justified, hanging indent (5
spaces) for following lines within reference - Tip Press Control T
- When listing authors use not and
19Reference Form Scholarly Journals
- Last name, Initials of first and middle names.
(Publication year). Title of article. Journal
Title, Volume, Page numbers. - Capitalize only first letter of article title and
after a colon if present - Italicize journal title and volume
- Issue numbers are unnecessary
- Do not write pp. for pages
20Journal Examples
- One to six authors- list all
- Keller, M. P., Chance, P. F. (2003).
Inherited neuropathies From gene to
disease. Brain Pathology, 9, 327-341. - Seven or more- type first six and use et al.
for the rest - Krajewski, K. M., Lewis, R. A., Fuerst, D.
- R., Turanksy, C., Hinderer, S. R.,
- Garbern, J., et al. (2000)...
-
-
21Reference Form Books
- Last name, Initials of first and middle names.
(Publication year). Book title. Location of
publisher Publisher. - If there are more than 6 authors- follow the same
rule for journals - Capitalize only first letter of book title and
after a colon if present - Italicize book title
22Book Examples
- Sosa, C. A., Maley, D. D. (2002).
Psychological theories. Newbury Park, CA Sage. - Charr, J. S., Young, L. N. (Eds.). (1988).
Child psychology. New York McGraw- Hill. - If book is edited put (Ed.) after editors name
- If city is well known (New York, Chicago,
Philadelphia, etc.), do not include state
23Book Examples cont.
- Referring to a chapter in an edited book
- Thomas, P. K. (2005). Charcot-Marie-Tooth
disease Historical perspective and
overview. In G. J. Parry (Ed.),
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disorders A Handbook
for Primary Care Physicians (pp. 1-4).
Chicago The Charcot- Marie-Tooth
Association. - Chapter author and date ? chapter title ? In
editor (Ed.) of whole book ? Book title and
chapter numbers (pp.) ? Publisher information
24Reference Form Websites
- Includes internet-only journals, websites,
newsgroups, online discussion groups, etc. - General online document form
- Last name, Initials. (Publication year). Title of
work. Retrieved month day, year, from
site - Capitalize only first letter of title and after a
colon if present - Italicize title
- Always include Retrieved date and from site
25Website Example
- Crow, T. J. (2003). Being happy. Retrieved
August 6, 2003, from http//www.health.com/ - _4a.html1
26Reference Form Motion Pictures
- General form
- Producers last name, Initials (Producer),
Directors last name, Initials (Director).
(Year). Title of video Motion picture.
Country Movie Studio. - Identify primary contributors as directors,
producers, or both (Producer/Director) - Capitalize only first letter of title and after a
colon if present - Italicize title, identify it as a motion picture
in brackets immediately after
27Motion Picture Example
- Thomas, T. (Producer), Kine, D.
(Writer/Director). (1980). Ten wonderful things
about you Motion picture. United States
Paramount Pictures.
28- Note This PowerPoint is only a basic
- introduction to APA. For more specific
- guidelines, please refer to the latest
- Publication Manual.
29References
- American Psychological Association. (2001).
Publication manual of American Psychological
Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC American
Psychological Association. - Tomczak, T. A students guide to American
Psychological Association (APA) publication
style. Unpublished manuscript, Genesee Community
College, Batavia.