Battery Chemistry

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Battery Chemistry
Electrochemical Cells
Cu2(aq) Zn(s) ? Cu(s) Zn2(aq)
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Electric Cars

• Chevy Volt
• Charge uses 8 kWh of electricity to
  drive 40 miles

Equivalent in miles per gallon
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Is it worth it? Cost of Ch. Volt 40,000
Accord/Camry 25,000
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Energy Density Burning Ethanol

• CH3CH2OH 3 O2 ? 2 CO2 3 H2O ?G -1324
  kJ/mol

Energy per kg
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Energy Density Lead Acid Car Battery

• Pb PbO2 2 H2SO4 ? 2 PbSO4 2 H2O
• n 4, Eo 2.05 V, F 96.5 kJ/V
• ?G -nFEo

Energy per kg combined molar mass 643 g/mol
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Goals for Battery Development
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Battery Chemistry
Cu2(aq) Zn(s) ? Cu(s) Zn2(aq)
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Eocell Eocathode - Eoanode
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Common Batteries
Lead Acid Car Battery
NiCad Rechargable Battery
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Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries Anode Cathode
Alloy is a mixture of 1 part (lanthanum, cerium,
neodymium) and 5 parts (nickel, cobalt,
manganese, aluminum)
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Lithium Ion Batteries Anode LiCoO2 ? Li1-xCoO2
x Li x e- Cathode x Li x e- C ? LixC
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Fuel Cells