OBJECTIVES

1

• OBJECTIVES
• A thorough study of Chapter 18 19 should enable
  you to understand
• The changes in the pattern of immigration in the
  late nineteenth century.
• The impact of the Darwinian theory of evolution
  on the intellectual life of America.
• The limited role of the federal government and
  the nature of American party politics in the last
  third of the nineteenth century.
• The circumstances that permitted the Democrats to
  gain control of the presidency in the elections
  of 1884 and 1892.
• The position of the two major parties on the
  tariff question and the actual trend of tariff
  legislation in the 1880s and 1890s.
• The rise of agrarian discontent as manifested in
  the Granger movement the Farmers' Alliances and
  the Populist movement.
• The rise of the silver question from the Crime of
  '73 through the Gold Standard Act of 1900.
• The significance of the presidential campaign and
  election of 1896.

2

• Cities and Stalemate

3

• The New Urban Growth
• Migrations

4

• The New Urban Growth
• The Ethnic City

5
ANTI-IMMIGRATION POLITICS
1840s - IRISH FAMINE 1848 -
FAILED REVOLUTIONS NATIVISM 1834
BURNING OF URSULINE CONVENT(Charlestown, Mass)
1844 - ANTI-CATHOLIC RIOTS (Philadelphia)
30/50 1850s- NATIVIST RIOTS IN MIDWEST
KNOW NOTHINGISM 1837 - NATIVE AMERICAN
ASSOC. 1845 - NATIVE AMERICAN PARTY
1852 - AMERICAN PARTY
6
ANTI-IMMIGRATION POLITICS
RURAL to URBAN TRASFORMATION
1865-1915 25 MILLION IMMIGRANTS
1880-1900 BLACK MIGRATION FROM SOUTH
NATIVISM 1881 CHINESE EXCLUSION
ACT 1887 AMERICAN PROTECTIVE
ASSOCIATION 1885 MASSACRE OF CHINESE
(Rock Springs, Wyoming) 1887
IMMIGRATION RESTRICTION LEAGUE 1891
ANTI-ITALIAN RIOT IN NEW ORLEANS 1920s
KLU KLUX KLAN - ANTI LABOR VIOLENCE (YBOR
CITY)
7

• High Culture in the Age of the City
• The Impact of Darwinism
• Natural Selection
• Pragmatism
• Anthropology

8

• The National Government
• Pension administration
• Patronage
• Political machines
• The Party System

9
Presidential Elections 1880-1892
1880 James Garfield / Winfield Scott 1884
Grover Cleveland / James A. Blaine 1888
Benjamin Harrison / Grover Cleveland 1892
Grover Cleveland / Benjamin Harrison
/ James Weaver
10

• The Politics of Equilibrium
• The Alliances
• Cleveland, Harrison, and the Tariff
• New Public Issues
• Trusts
• Railroads
• Tariffs

11

• The Agrarian Revolt
• The Grangers
• Modern farming
• Cooperatives
• Anti-monopoly
• The Populist Constituency and Populist Ideas
• Regulation of Rails
• End of National Banks
• Anti-Semitism The Agrarian Revolt
• The Alliances

12

• The Crisis of the 1890s
• The Panic of 1893
• Railroad Bankruptcy
• Low prices
• Bank Failures
• The Silver Question
• A Cross of Gold

You shall not press down upon the brow of labor
this crown of thorns you shall not crucify
mankind upon a cross of gold. William
Jennings Bryan
13

• The Crisis of the 1890s
• The Conservative Victory
• McKinley and Prosperity
• High Tariffs
• Gold Standard Act of 1900
• Imperialism

William McKinley (Library of Congress)
14

• Debating the Past POPULISM