Peoples Republic of China

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Peoples Republic of China
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2004-03-14

• The 10th National Peoples Congress
• constitutional amendment
• 3 represents theory
• private property right
• human rights

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Outline

• Center of party-state
• Party structure at the center
• Government structure at the center
• National Peoples Congress
• Local structure of party-state
• Local peoples congresses
• Local government
• Local party organizations

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Ruling Party CCP

• Chinese Communist Party
• founded in Shanghai in 1921

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CCPs Birthplace Today
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Communist party-state

• Organizational design of political system
• borrowed from Leninist party-state of the FSU
• principles of guardianship and hierarchy
• Mao added the idea of the mass line in 40s
• political reforms after the Maoist era
• ideology became much less prominent and coherent
• do not add up to fundamental systematic change

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Communist party-state

• guardianship
• party represents the historical best interests
  of the people
• CCPs peoples democratic dictatorship allows
  no organized opposition to party leadership
• hierarchy of party organizations
• democratic centralism consult implement
• Mao added the idea of the mass line

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Village
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CCP General Secretary

• Jiang Zemin (1989 - 2002)
• Hu Jintao (2002 - )

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Politburo Standing Committee

• Each heads party work in one area
• organization and personnel
• propaganda and education
• finance and economy
• political and legal affairs
• foreign affairs
• etc.

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CCP Central Committee

• About 200 members (and 150 alternate)
• membership in CC reflects political power
• Central Committee departments
• Department of Organization
• Department of Propaganda
• Department of United Front
• Department of International Liaison
• Central Committee elects Politburo

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CCP National Congress

• Meets every 5 years since 1970s
• 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002
• 16th National Party Congress
• November 2002
• 2154 delegates
• elects
• Central Committee

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PRC Head of State

• President
• Jiang Zemin (1993-2003)
• also then CCP General Secretary
• Hu Jintao (2003-2008)
• also current CCP General Secretary

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Central Government

• Premier Wen Jiabao (2003-2008)
• State Council
• 29 Ministries and Commissions
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Ministry of National Defense
• State Development Reform Commission
• Peoples Bank of China
• etc.

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Central Military Commission

• Commanders-in-chief of the Peoples Liberation
  Army
• in both the central Party and government
  structures
• same composition
• Chair Jiang Zemin
• 11 members

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National Peoples Congress

• According to the constitution, the highest
  organization of state authority
• NPC Standing Committee
• the permanent body of NPC exercises all but the
  most formal powers of the NPC
• 8 Special Committees
• legislative affairs, nationalities, agriculture
  rural, foreign affairs, etc.

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National Peoples Congress

• NPC plenary sessions
• meet annually in Beijing
• for about 2 weeks
• the nearly 3,000 deputies are elected
• for 5-year terms
• by provincial-level peoples congresses

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Power Relationship

• CCP Politburo
• National PC State Council

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Local Peoples Congresses
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Provincial level governments

• 22 Provinces
• 5 Autonomous
• Regions
• 4 Municipalities
• 2 Special
• Administrative
• Regions

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Local governments of the P.R.C.

• Cities
• 4 cities at the rank of provinces
• Beijing, Shanghai, ...
• 15 cities at the rank of semi-provinces
• 265 cities at the rank of prefectures
• 393 cities at the rank of counties
• 2,053 counties and 808 city districts
• Townships and (villages)

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Local Party Structure

• 3.5 million party committees, party general
  branches, and party branches
• provinces, cities, counties, townships, and
  villages
• enterprises
• state-owned enterprises
• less than 1 of private enterprises have party
  organizations

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Replicated at lower levels

• Local party committee
• local peoples congress local government