ATP Synthase

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ATP Synthase

• Final Model Project
• By Jerry, Michael and Lisa

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What is ATP Synthase?

• ATP (adenosine triphosphate) the molecule of
  energy for cells, drives many biochemical
  reactions like muscle contraction, DNA and
  protein synthesis, etc
• ATP Synthase- enzyme that catalyses ATP synthesis
  and hydrolysis

http//users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyP
ages/A/ATP.html
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Where is it found?

• A membrane enzyme
• Found in
• bacterial plasma membranes
• The thylacoid membrane in chloroplasts
• The inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotic
  cells

http//www.biologie.uni-osnabrueck.de/biophysik/Fe
niouk/images/Rb_capsulatus.jpg
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Parts of ATP Synthase

• Consists of two domains F0 and F1

http//www.sigmaaldrich.com/Area_of_Interest/Bioch
emicals/Enzyme_Explorer/Key_Resources/Metabolic_Pa
thways/ATP_Synthase.html
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The Domains

• Hydrophobic F0 domain sits in the membrane -
  performs proton translocation
• Hydrophillic F1 portion protrudes from membrane -
  performs ATP synthesis/hydrolysis
• 3 alternating alpha
• and beta subunits

http//nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1997/ill
pres/boyer-walker.html
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What does it do?

• It makes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate
  (Pi)
• ADP Pi
  ATP
• The overall equation is
•     ADP3- HPO42- H nHoutside membrane(
  charge)  
•   ATP4- H2O nHinside membrane
  (- charge)

energy from protons diffusing across membrane
with the gradient
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How does it function?

• First a proton gradient is established
• Protons collect on one side of the membrane
• Then the protons flow through a channel in the
  enzyme causing the protein subunits to rotate

http//www.sp.uconn.edu/terry/images/anim/ATPmito
.html
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• The stalk rotates in 120 increments
• causes the units in the F1 domain to contract
  and expand
• The structural changes facilitate the binding of
  ADP and Pi to make ATP
• Each subunit goes through 3 stages
• Open State releases any ATP
• Loose State ADP and Pi molecules enter the
  subunit
• Tight State the subunit contracts to bind
  molecules and make ATP

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Animations

• http//www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/
  metabolism/atpsyn1.swf
• Protons cross membrane through the ATP synthase
  enzyme
• http//www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/
  metabolism/atpsyn2.swf
• Rotary motion of ATP synthase powers the
  synthesis of ATP

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Video
http//nature.berkeley.edu/hongwang/Project/ATP_s
ynthase/
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Interesting Facts

• Contains 22722 atoms
• 23211 bonds connected as 2987 amino acid groups
• 120 helix units and 94 sheet units
• Generates over 100 kg of ATP daily (in humans)
• One of the oldest enzymes-appeared earlier then
  photosynthetic or respiratory enzymes
• Smallest rotary machine known
• Picture http//webct.uga.edu/public/FRES1010CG/BCM
  B401098ATPSyn2.gif/

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Our Model
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Sources for the PowerPoint

• (http//www.biologie.uni-osnabrueck.de/biophysik/F
  eniouk/Basics.html),
• (http//www.3dchem.com/molecules.asp?ID91),(http
  //www.biologie.uni-osnabrueck.de/biophysik/Feniou
  k/Basics.html)
• http//www.sp.uconn.edu/terry/images/anim/ATPmito
  .html
• http//www.mrc-dunn.cam.ac.uk/research/atpase.html
  
• http//www.wiley.com/college/pratt/0471393878/stud
  ent/structure/atp_synthase/mechanism.html
• http//rsb.info.nih.gov/NeuroChem/biomach/ATPsyn.h
  tml
• http//webct.uga.edu/public/FRES1010CG/BCMB401098A
  TPSyn2.gif