SubSaharan Africa

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Sub-Saharan Africa
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Indigenous People of Africa

• Cradle of Mankind
• Extensive overland trade network across the
  Sahara Desert
• The Great Zimbabwe

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Early European Encounters

• Portuguese Explorers
• Vasco de Gama (1497)
• The search for gold and slaves
• Coastal trade they did not venture inland
• Dutch Explorers
• Cape Town (1652) re-supply station for ships
  bound for Dutch East Indies

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Interest in Africa

• Role of the Royal Geographical Society
• David Livingstone Henry Stanley
• Richard Burton John Speake
• Conquering of tropical diseases
• Quinine (Malaria)

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The Scramble for Africa

• Emerging European states enter into colonization
• Belgians
• Germans
• Italians
• Portuguese
• French
• British

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Berlin Conference

• Occurred 1884-85
• 14 European Countries in attendance

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The Effects of Colonization
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Tribal Antagonism

• Rwanda
• 1994 Hutus vs. Tutsis
• Somalia
• 1993 clan warfare

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South Africa

• Boer War 1899-1902
• 1910 South Africa given independence by Britain
• 1948 - Apartheid

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Apartheid

• Four distinct racial groups
• Whites, Asians, Coloureds, Blacks
• Three types of Segregation
• Petite
• Meso
• Grand

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Table Mount, RSA
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South African Homelands
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The Demise of Apartheid

• Opposition to Apartheid from both outside and
  inside South Africa
• 1990 Nelson Mandela freed from Prison
• 1994 First election in which blacks were
  allowed to vote
• 1996 New constitution

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Languages

• Lack of a dominant language or language family
• Language Families found only in SSA
• Niger-Congo
• Nilo-Saharan
• Khoisan
• Language Families based outside SSA
• Indo-European
• Afro-Asiatic
• Austronesian

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Religion

• Animist Religions
• based upon the worship of natures spirits
  human ancestors
• Christianity
• Coptic Christian Church
• Christianity introduced by Missionaries
• Islam