According to CDCs 19992000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES, an estimated 64

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• According to CDCs 1999-2000 National Health and
  Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), an
  estimated 64 percent of U.S. adults are either
  overweight (33 percent) or obese (31 percent).
• Another CDC survey the Behavioral Risk Factor
  Surveillance System (BRFSS) 1998-2000 (pooled
  data) revealed that self-reported obesity
  prevalence ranges from 15 percent in Colorado to
  25 percent in West Virginia.
• A new study by researchers at RTI International
  and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
  estimates that U.S. obesity-attributable medical
  expenditures reached 75 billion in 2003 and that
  taxpayers finance about half of these costs
  through Medicare and Medicaid

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• Medications used for weight loss
• sibutramine, orlistat, fluoxetine, phentermine,
  diethylpropion, bupropion, zonisamide,
  topiramate, and sertraline
• Various types of bariatric surgery for obesity
• Liposuction (cosmetic removal of specific fat
  deposits)
• .

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Peroxisomes are specific organelles for very
long-chain and polyunsaturated fatty acid
catabolism. PEROXISOME PROLIFERATORS - several
drugs of the fibrate family, plasticizers, and
herbicides. Drugs in the fibrate family are used
to improve levels of cholesterol and related
lipids found in the blood. Fibrates are
particularly helpful for individuals with high
levels of triglycerides. PPAR - Receptor that
binds peroxisome proliferators such as
hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once
activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a
promoter element in the gene for a number of
genes involved in lipid homeostasis, carbohydrate
and activates its transcription. It therefore
controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway
of fatty acids. The receptor forms a heterodimer
with the retinoid X receptor. The location of
this receptor is in the nucleus. PPAR a/g found
in liver and adipose a promotes lipid
catabolism/fatty acid oxidation, g promote
adipogenesis and increased lipid storage PPAR b/d
is ubiquitously expressed implicated in bone and
fat metabolism raises the expression of
ABC1(cholesterol exporter) and HDL cholesterol
and lowers triglycerides
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Enzymes and functions found to be activated by
PPARß/ agonist are marked in green. Red
indicates inhibition of pathways. The green
arrows underline FA uptake and oxidation,
followed by uncoupling oxidation from ATP
synthesis.
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Table 1. Key Target Genes in this Study

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