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Solid and Gas Solubility

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Simply put, solubility is dissolving one thing into something else. ... Every compound has a distinct solubility thus making this a physical property. Gas Solubility ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Solid and Gas Solubility


1
Solid and Gas Solubility

2
What is Solubility?
  • Simply put, solubility is dissolving one thing
    into something else.
  • Sugar in water, salt in water.
  • Specifically, it is the maximum amount of solute
    that will dissolve in a certain amount of water.

3
Solubility Details
  • Remember, solute is what you are dissolving and
    solvent is what is doing the dissolving.
  • The amount of solute is expressed in grams.
  • The amount of solute dissolved is dependant on
    the temperature of the solvent.

4
Lets say it again!
  • If you change the temperature of the solvent, the
    amount of solute that will dissolve will also
    change.
  • If you change the amount of solvent, the amount
    of solute that will dissolve will change.

5
How long does it take?
  • Many factors affect the amount of time it takes
    for a solute to dissolve.

6
How long does it take to dissolve?
  • How soluble the solute is.
  • How big the crystals are.
  • How much you stir.
  • How long you stir the solution.

7
How long does it take to dissolve?
  • These factors do not affect the total amount of
    solute that will dissolve, only the time it takes
    to dissolve.
  • For example, stirring rapidly and for an extended
    time period does not change how much sugar you
    can dissolve in Kool-aid, only how long it takes
    for the sugar to dissolve.

8
A Specific Amount
  • Because there are specific amounts of solutes
    that can be dissolved in solvents, there are 3
    definitions that we can now use to describe
    solutions.
  • Unsaturated
  • Saturated
  • Supersaturated

9
Unsaturated Solutions
  • If a solution is unsaturated, then the solvent
    can dissolve more solute at that temperature.

10
Saturated Solutions
  • If a solution is saturated, then it has dissolved
    the exact amount it can at that given temperature.

11
Supersaturated Solutions
  • If a solution is supersaturated, then it is has
    dissolved more solute than a saturated solution
    has.
  • This is difficult to achieve.
  • Usually requires heating and then slowly cooling
    the solution.
  • Will eventually release some dissolved solute to
    return to a saturated state.

12
How can we tell the kind of solution?
  • In order to know when our solutions are saturated
    or not, we have to know the solubility of the
    solute.
  • To do this, we look at a solubility curve.

13
Solubility Curves
  • A solubility curve graphs the temperature of the
    solvent versus the grams of solute dissolved in a
    given amount of solvent.
  • This curve shows the solubility for a range of
    temperatures.

14
Solubility Curves
  • In addition to showing us saturated solutions,
    they also can be used to determine if a solution
    is supersaturated and unsaturated.

15
Solubility Curve Example
16
An Unsaturated Solution
A point here would be unsaturated
17
A Saturated Solution
A point here would be saturated
18
A Supersaturated Solution
A point here would be supersaturated
19
Solid and Gas Solubility
  • The 3 phases of matter all behave differently
    with solubility.
  • We will discuss how solids and gases differ in
    solubility.

20
Solid Solubility
  • By studying solubility graphs, a general trend
    can be seen.
  • As you increase temperature, the solubility also
    increases.
  • At higher temps, you can dissolve more.

21
Solid Solubility
  • A positive slope on the curve indicates this
    trend.
  • Every compound has a distinct solubility thus
    making this a physical property.

22
Gas Solubility
  • As with solids, temperature affects the
    solubility of gases.
  • But, the trend is opposite, as you increase the
    temperature, the solubility decreases.

23
Gas Solubility
  • In addition to temperature affecting gas
    solubility, gas pressure also determines the
    solubility of a gas.
  • Gas solubility is directly proportional to the
    gas pressure.
  • The higher pressure, the more gas that will
    dissolve.

24
A Good Example
  • Carbonated beverages contain dissolved CO2.
  • When you open a can of soda, the pressure is
    decreased and the amount of CO2 dissolved also
    decreases. Thats why you see bubbles coming up.

25
Solution Concentration
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