Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

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Chapter 8

• Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

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Focus Isabel Allende, Militant Writer
Isabel Allende is a prominent Latin American
writer. She endured a tumultuous early childhood,
marked by her fathers abandonment of the family,
her grandmothers death, and her mothers
remarriage. A childs emotional development and
sense of self are rooted in the experiences of
those early years. Allendes story also stresses
the importance of cultural context. Her
experience growing up in a male-dominated society
profoundly influenced her sense of self.
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The Developing Self

• The Self-Concept and Cognitive Development
• Understanding Emotions

• Eriksons Initiative versus Guilt
• Self-Esteem

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Gender

• How do boys and girls become aware
  of the meaning of gender, and what explains
  the differences in behavior between the sexes?
• gender identity awareness of ones femaleness or
  maleness and all it implies in a particular
  society

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Gender

• Gender Differences
• Perspectives on Gender Development Nature and
  Nurture
• Biological Approach
• Psychoanalytic Approach
• Cognitive Approach
• Socialization-Based Approach

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Play The Business of Early Childhood

• Types of Play
• The Social Dimension of Play

• How Gender Influences Play
• How Culture Influences Play

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Partens Categories of Social and Nonsocial Play
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Parenting

• Forms of Discipline
• Behaviorist Techniques Reinforcement and
  Punishment
• Power Assertion, Induction, and Withdrawal of Love

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Whats Your View?

• As a parent, what forms of discipline would you
  favor in what situations? Give specific examples,
  and tell why.

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Parenting

• Parenting Styles
• Baumrinds Model
• authoritarian
• permissive
• authoritative
• Cultural Factors

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Parenting

• Promoting Altruism and Dealing with Aggression
  and Fearfulness
• Prosocial Behavior
• Aggression
• Fearfulness

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Families in Trouble Child Abuse and Neglect

• Maltreatment Facts and Figures
• Contributing Factors An Ecological View
• Effects of Maltreatment

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Developmentally Related Reactions to Sexual Abuse
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Relationships With Other Children

• How do young children get along withor
  withoutsiblings?

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Relationships with Other Children

• Siblingsor Their Absence
• Brothers and Sisters
• The Only Child
• Playmates and Friends
• Choosing Playmates and Friends
• Characteristics and Benefits of Friendship
• Parenting and Popularity

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Practically Speaking

• The Case Against Corporal Punishment
• Whats Your View?
• Did your parents ever spank you? Would you spank,
  or have you ever spanked, your own child? Why or
  why not?

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Window on the World

• A Nation of Only Children