Particle and Cosmological Aspects of the Double Beta Decay

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?
?
0nbb-decay ? No Yes ?

• Particle and Cosmological Aspects of the Double
  Beta Decay
• Fedor imkovic
• JINR Dubna and
• Comenius University, Bratislava

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OUTLINE

• Introduction
• Massive neutrinos and the 0nbb-decay
• Dark matter versus the 0nbb-decay
• Oscillations of atoms and double EC
• Bosonic neutrinos and the 2nbb-decay
• Relic neutrino induced single and double b-decay
  
• Outlook

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Neutrino oscillations ? Massive neutrinos
Reactor neutrinos
Solar neutrinos
1968
Atmospheric neutrinos
Accelerator neutrinos
1957
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Lepton Universality
Standard Model
Lepton Family Number Violation
Total Lepton Number Violation
NEW PHYSICS massive neutrinos, SUSY...
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Double Beta Decay
Observed for 10 isotopes 48Ca, 76Ge, 82Se,
96Zr,100Mo. 116Cd. 128Te, 130Te, 150Nd, 238U,
T1/2 1018-1024 years
1950 130Te, Ingham, Reynolds (geochemical) 1987
82Se, Moe et al. (direct observation) 2008
100Mo, NEMO 3 coll. gt 300 00 events
SM forbidden ,not observed yet T1/2 ( 76Ge)gt1025
years
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1937 Beginning of Majorana neutrino physics
Ettore Majorana discoveres the possiility of
existence of truly neutral fermions
Charged fermion (electron) electromagnetic field
forbidden
Neutral fermion (neutrino) electromagnetic field
allowed
Majorana condition
Symmetric Theory of Electron and Positron Nuovo
Cim. 14 (1937) 171
Here is the beginning of Nonstandard Neutrino
Properties
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Mass matrix of light neutrinos
Pontecorvo- Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix
Flavor states
Mass states
0nbb-decay Majorana condition
Effective mass of Majorana neutrinos
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0nbb-decay search State of the art
Claim For evidence
QRPA NMEs (with carefull treatment of
uncertainties)
T0n1/2(76Ge) 2.230.44-0.31 1025 y
Faessler, Fogli, Lisi, Rodin, Rotunno, F.., PRD
79, 053001 (2009)
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Neutrino mass spectrum and perspectives of the
0nbb-decay search
What is the absolute mass scale of neutrinos
Limits from cosmology,
tritium beta decay,
neutrinoless double beta decay What are the
Majorana CP phases? ...
Inverted hierarchy
Normal hierarchy
Bilenky, Faessler, F.., PRD 70 (2004) 033003
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A consistent approach for the 0nbb-decay (pairing,
s.r.c, g.s.c. calculated with the same NN
potential- BonnCD, Argon)
Two-nucleon short range correlations
Neutrino potential I(r)/r
Ygtcorr. f(r12) Ygt Ocorr.(r12)
f(r12)O(r12)f(r12)
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Neutrinoless double beta decay matrix elements
F.., Faessler, Muether, Rodin, Stauf, PRC 79,
055501 (2009)
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Sterile neutrino in 0nbb-decay
Bene, Faesler, F.., Kovalenko, PRD 71 (2005)
077901
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The R-parity breaking 0nbb-decay mechanisms
R-parity R(-1)3BL2S
R-parity breaking (GUT constrained) MSSM
R-parity conserving (GUT constrained) MSSM
Neutralino (is not stable) is not dark matter
candidate
Neutralino is dark matter candidate
0nbb-decay
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R-parity Breaking MSSM (neutralino is not dark
matter candidate)
R-parity breaking terms In superpotential
Neutrino-Neutralino mixing matrix (see-saw
structure)
Radiative corrections to neutrino mass
Gozdz, Kaminski, F. ., PRD 70 (2004) 095005
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gluino/neutralino exchange R-parity breaking
SUSY mechanism of the 0nbb-decay
quark-level diagrams
dd ? u u e- e-
exchange of squarks, neutralinos and gluinos
(l111)2 mechanism
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Hadron-level diagrams
First considered by B. Pontecorvo
Faessler, Kovalenko, F.. PRL 78 (1998)
183 Wodecki, Kaminski, F.., PRD 60 (1999) 11507
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Limit on R-parity breaking parameter ?111
Faessler, F. , Kovalenko, PRD 58 (1998) 115004
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Squark mixing SUSY mechanism
Mixing between scalar superpartners of the
left- and right-handed fermions
A. Faessler, Th. Gutsche, S. Kovalenko,
F.., PRD 77 (2008) 113012
Hirsch, Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, Kovalenko PLB 372
(1996) 181
L
R
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Effective SUSY n-e Lagrangian
Neutrino vertex
Hirsch,Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, Kovalenko PLB 372
(1996) 181
R-parity violating SUSY vertex
Paes, Hirsch, Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, PLB 459
(1999) 450
LN-violating parameter
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Limits on R-breaking parameters
A. Faessler, Th. Gutsche, S. Kovalenko,
F.., PRD 77 (2008) 113012
Pion mode
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Oscillations of atoms andresonant enhancement
of double electron capture
F.., M. Krivoruchenko, Phys.Part.Nucl.Lett. 6
(2009) 485.
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F.., M. Krivoruchenko, Phys.Part.Nucl.Lett. 6
(2009) 485.
Mixing of neutral atoms and total lepton number
oscillation
LNV Potential
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Different types of Oscillations (Effective
Hamiltonian)
Oscillations of nl-nl (lepton flavor)
Oscillation of K0-antiK0 (strangeness)
Oscillation of n-antin (baryon number)
Oscillation of atoms (total lepton number)
Full width of unstable atom/nucleus
Eigenvalues
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Oscillations of stable atoms (G0)
Double electron capture (G?0)(resonant
enhancement of atom)
Mass difference gtgt G
Mass difference keV
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Double electron capture half-lives (mbb1 eV,
M0n1)
F.., M. Krivoruchenko, A. Faessler, to be
submitted
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Bosonic n?
Neutral fermion could have unique properties
Pauli-Dirac statistics
Bose-Einstein statistics
Consequences a) neutrino may form cosmological
Bose condensate (dark matter) b)
wrong statistic of neutrino could modify
Big Bang nucleosynthesis c) spectra of the
supernova neutrino may be changed d) PEP
violation for neutrino can be tested in the two
neutrino double beta decay experiments
Dolgov, Smirnov, PLB 621, 1 (2005).
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Dolgov, Smirnov, PLB 621, 1 (2005)
Sign difference!!! Lepton energies!!!
Mixed statistics for neutrinos
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2nbb-decay of 76Ge 0g.s.? 0g.s.
Barabash, Dolgov, Smirnov, F., R. Dvornický,
NPB 783, 90 (2007)
bosonic
fermionic
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Mixed statistics for neutrinos
100Mo ? 100Ru (SSD)
Mixed n excluded for sin2c gt 0.6
Barabash, Dolgov, Smirnov, F., R. Dvornický, NPB
783, 90 (2007)
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Capturing relic neutrinos with double beta decays?
Present number density for each generation
Clustering of relic n Overdensities of the order
of 103-104
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Single n-capture
dn/dEe
??ßß
No background for the 0nbb
?ßß?
2?ßß
0?ßß
Ee-me
Q
Double n-capture
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What is the nature of neutrinos?
?
theory
Only the 0?ßß-decay can answer this fundamental
question
DBD experiments Absolute n mass scale,
CP-violation, partly bosonic n
76Ge
130Te
76Ge
82Se 150Nd
106Cd 116Cd
100Mo 150Nd
136Xe
Double electron capture
(?)
Many and different DBD exp. ? What is the
dominent 0nbb-decay mech.