Printing Functional Systems

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Printing Functional Systems
Worlds Within Worlds
Hod Lipson Mechanical Aerospace
Engineering Computing Information
Science Cornell University
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Last Episode Analog Printing
Illustration Bryan Christie
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Digital Structures
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(No Transcript)
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Reconfigurable systems

• Murata et al Fracta, 1994
• Murata et al, 2000
• Jørgensen et al ATRON, 2004
• Støy et al CONRO, 1999

• Fukuda et al CEBOT, 1988
• Yim et al PolyBot, 2000
• Chiang and Chirikjian, 1993
• Rus et al, 1998, 2001

Zykov, Mytilianos, Adams, Lipson Nature (2005)
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Bottom Up
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Programmable Self Assembly
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Saul Griffith, Nature 2005
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Hardware implementation 2D
White, Kopanski Lipson, ICRA 2004
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Implementation 1 Magnetic Bonding
With Paul White, Victor Zykov
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Construction Sequence
High Pressure
Low Pressure
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Construction Sequence
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Construction Sequence
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Construction Sequence
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Construction Sequence
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Construction Sequence
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Reconfiguration Sequence
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Reconfiguration Sequence
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Implementation 2 Fluidic Bonding
Accelerated x16
Real Time
With Paul White, Victor Zykov
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With David Erickson, Mike Tolley
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Tile dimension 500µm
With Mike Tolley, David Erickson
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Top Down
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Jonathan Hiller
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Voxel Designs
Also considering -Spheres -Varying
topologies -Two-phase
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Digital Precision 1D and 2D
-Results assume uniform variation of spheres
within tolerance range (Gaussian distribution
would result in still better precision)
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Digital Precision 3D
Conclusions -Accuracy of digital structures
scales favorably (sqrt of length) -Accuracy of
manufacturing techniques using linear positioning
systems fundamentally scales linearly
This applies to all other machine-controlled
manufacturing processes, but is complicated by
the use of closed loop feedback and other
tradeoffs.
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Digital Build Process
Jonathan Hiller
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6 Dekavoxel Digital Cylinder
Manually Assembled
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Randomized Machines
Tensegrity Robotics
Particle Robotics
Dictyostelium
Don Ingber, Scientific American 1998
With Chandana Paul
Cytoskeleton of a mammalian cell
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Grand Challenges

• Can we design machines that can design other
  machines?
• Can we make machines that can make other
  machines?
• Can we make machines that can explain other
  machines?