LCLS Startup, Commissioning and Future Scenarios

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LCLS Startup, Commissioning and Future Scenarios

• Requirements
• Schedule
• Effort
• Budget
• Future

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Two Mile Linac 1962 Start of accelerator
construction 1967 20-GeV electron beam
achieved
Three km
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SPEAR 3.7 GeV Storage Ring and Synchrotron
Radiation 1972 SPEAR operations begin 1973
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Project (SSRP)
started First Light 1977 SSRP becomes
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL)
1990 SPEAR II - a dedicated synchrotron
radiation facility 2003 SPEAR III
Commissioning 2004 SPEAR III user operations
resume
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PEP Colliding Beam Facility A collaborative
project SLAC and LBNL 1980 PEP operations
begin 1987 PEP tested as a synchrotron source
Brighter than APS, SPring-8 design goals
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• SLAC Linear Collider
• 1989 SLC operations begin, 50 GeV electron and
  positron beams achieved
• Power-pulse compression using SLAC Energy Doubler
  (SLED)
• The first linear collider a commitment to the
  long-range future of high energy electron
  machines
• Shut down 1998

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Final Focus Test Beam Facility test of essential
features of the NLC 1989 Construction
Complete Production and control of 70 nanometer
beams
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LCLS Project Mission Definition

• General Requirements Document
• CD-4 Goals Requirements
• Subsystem Commissioning Goals
• CD-0 Goals
• Accelerator Readiness

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Global Requirements Document

• Defines Project Goals and Requirements
• Project Completion
• Compatibility with other uses of linac
• Goals for achievement of scientific mission
• Forms basis of risk assessment
• risks are risks of not achieving GRD goals and
  requirements
• Other kinds of risks are managed by other means

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CD-0, Goals for Scientific Mission

• Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) Free
  Electron Laser
• X-ray Photon Energy 0.8 - 8 keV
• Electron Beam Energy 4.4 14.1 GeV from SLAC
  Linac
• Peak Power in SASE Bandwidth 8 GW
• Peak Brightness 1 x 1033 photons/s (mm2 mrad2
  0.1 BW)
• Pulse Duration 230 femtoseconds
• Pulse Repetition Rate 120 Hz

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Office of Basic Energy Sciences Office of
Science, U.S. Department of Energy
LCLS Update
Eric A. Rohlfing BESAC Meeting August 2, 2001
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Highlights of BES Workshop

• More clearly defined the areas of science that
  LCLS (baseline operation) can potentially impact
• Multiple core level excitation or multiphoton
  processes in atoms
• Volumetric excitation of nanoscale matter by
  x-rays
• Structural determinations for large biomolecules
  or nanocyrstals via x-ray imaging
• Dynamics in condensed phases

• Shorter LCLS pulse still highly desirable
• To extend x-ray probes into the time regime of
  atomic motion in molecules and solids
• To beat destruction of the electronic and
  molecular structure in imaging experiments
• There are realistic proposals for shortening the
  LCLS pulse

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CD-4 Approval

• Verifies that construction is done and systems
  are operational
• In this sense, it is an important schedule
  constraint on construction
• Achievement of peak brightness as advertised in
  CD-0 may take longer
• Difficulty of CD-0 goals depends on wavelength

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CD-4 Approval of Start of Operations

• PR1-1 The Project Execution Plan states the
  summary requirement for
• achievement of Critical Decision 4, Start of
  Operations. The top-level commissioning goal is
  to generate x-rays in the LCLS
• undulator and detect them in the Far Hall. The
  Far Hall is one of two locations where x-ray
  experiments may be carried out with the LCLS
  beam.
• This milestone is to be achieved by 30 September
  2008.
• The Project construction schedule is constrained
  by this requirement.
• Achievement of CD-4 entails
• achievement of commissioning goals for the
  injector
• achievement of commissioning goals for the linac
• achievement of commissioning goals for the
  undulator systems
• beneficial occupancy of the Near Experiment Hall
• beneficial occupancy of the Far Experiment Hall
• completion of beam path from the undulator to the
  Near
• Experiment Hall
• completion of the beam path from the Near
  Experiment Hall to the
• Far Experiment Hall
• operational personnel protection systems for all
  electron beam

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Commissioning Goals to support CD-4

• A1-1 (Injector Commissioning Goals)
• Repetition rate 10 Hz or greater
• Nominal Charge/pulse 0.5 nC or greater
• Nominal pulse length 3-10 ps
• Projected emittance 2.0 mm-mrad or less
• A1-2 (Linac Commissioning Goals)
• Repetition rate 10 Hz or greater
• Nominal Charge/pulse 0.5 nC or greater
• Nominal pulse length 3-10 ps
• Projected emittance 2.0 mm-mrad or less
• A1-3 (Undulator Commissioning Goals)
• Transport of electrons without loss to beam dump,
  4.4-14.1 GeV
• Diagnostics and machine protection systems
  functional 1-10 Hz
• A1-4 (Project Commissioning Goal for Project
  Completion (CD-4))
• Detect x-rays in Far Hall

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Functional Requirements

• FR1-1 Operation of the LCLS linac for the x-ray
  experiment program and LCLS-related
• FEL and electron beam physics studies will be
  scheduled for at
• least 75 of the scheduled operating time of the
  Two-Mile Linac as a
• whole. Maintenance to the LCLS linac requiring
  entry to the linac enclosure
• may only be carried out when the entire linac is
  shut down for access.
• FR1-2 Operation of the LCLS will be completely
  compatible with simultaneous
• operation of the linac in support of the PEP-II
  program.
• FR1-3 It will be possible to switch from LCLS
  operation to acceleration of beam
• from the damping rings (e.g. to End Station A)
  without the need to enter
• the linac tunnel. Acceleration of beam from the
  CID guns may require removal of the xband
• accelerating structure in sector 21 of the LCLS
  Linac. It will be
• possible to remove this accelerating structure
  and make the linac ready for
• beams from CID in 24 hours or less.
• FR1-4 Operations control of the LCLS linac and
  the electron beam will be carried
• out from the SLAC Main Control Center. Necessary
  data for monitoring
• and control of the LCLS will be available to the
  SLC controls system.

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Functional Goals

• FG1-1 The LCLS linac and undulator systems should
  be designed to operate with bunch charges in the
  range 0.2 1.0 nanocoulombs.
• FG1-2 Operational availability should be greater
  than 90. The linac is typically operated about
  6600 hours per year for all purposes (PEP, FFTB,
  End Station A, tune-up/training/studies)
• FG1-3 The traditional tolerance for transverse
  beam stability in a synchrotron source is 10 of
  beam size. This will be a challenging goal due to
  the small emittance of the LCLS beam.
• FG1-4 EPICS controls should be implemented where
  practical it is expected that the injector,
  undulator systems, x-ray transport/optics/diagnost
  ics and end station systems will implement EPICS
  for device control.
• FG1-5 Achievement of the CD-0 performance goals
  PG1-1, PG1-3, PG1-4, and
• PG1-5 will be verified using devices that are
  part of WBS 1.4, X-ray Transport, Optics and
  Diagnostics. The brightness measurement requires
  that an upper limit be determined for the x-ray
  pulse duration, and that the total energy of the
  photon pulse be measured. The measurement will
  depend on calibration of the x-ray attenuators,
  which must reduce the xray intensity by a factor
  of 10,000. Nonlinearity in the attenuator will
  itself be the subject of early atomic physics
  experiments at LCLS. For this reason, it is to be
  expected that the uncertainty in peak power
  output of the LCLS will be approximately a factor
  of 10, through the first year of operation ofthe
  facility.

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LCLS Startup and Commissioning

• Startup/Commissioning in Modules
• Laser commissioning
• Not capable of creating a radiological area
• Gun/Injector Commissioning
• Linac Commissioning
• Undulator/FEE
• Near Hall Experiment Hutches
• X-ray transport, Far Hall Hutches
• Permission to Operate at CD-4

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DOE O 420.2X Requirements

• 1-Accelerator Safety Envelope Basis for Safety
  Assessment
• 2-Safety Assessment Document
• Hazards
• Mitigations
• 3-Unreviewed Safety Issue
• Operations halted
• Restart requires DOE approval

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Preliminary Safety Assessment Document

• http//www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/lcls/eir/documen
  ts/hazards_analysis/PSAD.pdf
• 5 kW beam power
• 15 GeV, 333 nA
• 28 GeV, 178 nA
• 150 kW Maximum Credible Incident
• Operations beam power 1.7 kW

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DOE O 420.2X Requirements

• 4-Accelerator Readiness Reviews
• 5-Training and Qualification
• 6-Written Procedures
• 7-Internal Safety Review System
• SLAC Operations in place and mature

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SLAC Technical Division (TD)
                                                
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
           Back to Total Organization Comments
or questions regarding the accuracy or currency
of the content of this org chart should be
directed to Linda Ahlf (x2354).
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Accelerator/Light Source Operations
SLAC Accelerator Department Home
Page https//www-internal.slac.stanford.edu/ad/ad.
html SLAC Accelerator Operations Group Home
Page http//www.slac.stanford.edu/grp/ad/op/ SLAC
Accelerator Department Maintenance Office Home
Page https//www-internal.slac.stanford.edu/ad/adm
o/ADMO_HP.htm SSRL Home Page http//www-ssrl.slac
.stanford.edu/welcome.html SSRL User
Program http//www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/user_adm
inistration.html
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SSRL User Program
SSRL Home Page http//www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/w
elcome.html SSRL User Program http//www-ssrl.sla
c.stanford.edu/user_administration.html
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Startup/Commissioning Milestones

• Start Injector Commissioning 5/06
• First Beam on linac axis - 6/07
• Start of Undulator Commiss - 5/08
• Staff will work to achieve an earlier start
• LCLS PRD-1.1-2, FEL Commissioning Plan
• Undulator protection
• Beam-based alignment
• Measurement of basic performance parameters

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Operations Availability
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FEL Startup Test Plan
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LCLS BCWS (excluding contingency)
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LCLS Startup
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Startup Effort (FTE)
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Electric Power

• LCLS linac 10 MW at 120 Hz (4M/year for full
  schedule
• 2008 Commissioning
• Estimate ¼ of full schedule (1,500 hours)
• Average repetition rate below 120 Hz
• WBS 2.1 includes Power, MS, Commissioning team

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Conclusions - Startup

• SLAC, SSRL organization prepared to support
  high-quality LCLS operations
• Commissioning planning well underway
• Injector commissioning 2006-2007
• Linac commissioning 2007-2008
• FEL commissioning before 7/2008
• Can be accelerated with some schedule adjustment

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Post-Project Directions

• Harmonic or circular polarized afterburners?
• space available downstream of existng undulator
• Self-seeding
• requires relocation of undulator modules
• As science program allows/dictates

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Two-Stage Chirped-Pulse Seeding in the LCLS
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• Spontaneous Source Upstream
• of FEL
• Variable Gap
• Compatible with FEL operations
• at low K.

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• Expandable to at least six hard x-ray FEL
  undulators

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More Undulators?

• Second 0-degree device could support self-seeding
  online in 2013?
• More undulators and support facilities online
  2015-2018?
• Best to do conventional construction for
  additional undulators in one pass

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Lets Not Get Ahead of Ourselves

• We will learn a lot from building the LCLS
• We will learn a lot from first operation of LCLS
• Expansion based on lessons learned, scientific
  opportunity

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End of Presentation