Bones

1
Bones

• The skeleton has two major parts
• Axial skeleton are the bones of the head and
  trunk
• Appendicular
• skeleton are the
• bones of the pelvis shoulder girdle and
• limbs.

2
Bones

• Functions of the skeleton
• Aid in movement of the body
• Support and protect internal body organs
• Produce red and white blood cells
• Store minerals for the bodies usage.

3
Bones

• Ossification-process of bone formation.
• Ossification begins in week 8 of an embryos
  development.
• A baby is born with 270 bones and an adult has
  206 bones
• A babies bones are soft and ossification
  continues and makes them hard and able to bear
  weight.

4
Bones

• Diaphysis-long bone containing a shaft.
• Epiphysis-end of long bone
• Medullary canal-center of the shaft where bone
  marrow is
• Spongy bone-breakdown of hard bone
• Periosteum-fibrous tissue covering the bone

5
Bones

• Bone growth starts from the center of the
  diaphysis and moves to the epiphyseal ends (end
  of the bones)

6
Bones

• Osteoblasts-bone cells involved in the formation
  of new bone.
• Osteoclasts-bone cells involved in the breakdown
  of old bone.

7
Bones

• When the epiephyseal cartilage is completely
  ossified growth stops.
• This is approximately 18 in females and 20-21 in
  males.
• Does this mean bone growth stops? Why or why
  not?

8
Bones-Types

• Long Bones-arms and legs
• Flat Bones-skull, ribs, sternum
• Irregular bones-spinal cord
• Short bones-cubelike bones of the tarsals and
  carpals

9
Bones

• Simple/closed fracture- break in bone that does
  not pierce skin
• Femur fracture

10
Bones-Injuries

• Comminuted Fracture- break in bone where it is
  fractured in many pieces
• Tibia/fibula fracture

11
Bones

• Open/Compound Fracture- the fractured end
  penetrates the skin. Possible infection.
• tibia/fibula fracture

12
Bones

• Greenstick fracture-an incomplete fracture in the
  shaft of a bone occuring in children. Think of a
  childs bone as that of a young tree shoot, it
  bends and may break part way, but does not crack
  like an adults would.

13
Bones

• Stress fracture-small incomplete break in the
  bone that results from overuse, weakness or
  biomechanical problems.

14
Bones

• Epiphyseal Plate Fracture-break in the bone at
  the growth plate. Typically in children 10-16,
  most often at wrist or ankle.

15
An avulsion fracture