Emerging Technology Trends

1
Emerging Technology Trends

• Realizing Societys Objectives
• Eliminate Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• Reduce Consumption of Petroleum
• Reduce Urban Air Pollution
• Reduce Transfer of Wealth to Foreign Nations

2
Eliminate Greenhouse Gas Emissions

• 27 pounds of CO2 are emitted for each gallon of
  gasoline consumed
• Hydrogen fueled ICE FCV vehicles have zero tail
  pipe emissions

3
Reduce Consumption of Petroleum

• New York State consumes 309 million barrels per
  year of petroleum products

4
Reduce Urban Air Pollution

• Reducing consumption of petroleum will reduce
  emissions

5
Membrane Technology - 1

• Mobile applications of fuel cells
• Berlin. Hamburg, Rotterdam, London, Vancouver
• Today 38 H2-fueled transit buses
• 2012 178 H2-fueled transit buses
• Shanghai
• Target of H2-fueled 1000 vehicles
• California
• Today 9 H2-fueled transit buses
• 2012 220 H2-fueled transit buses in CARBs ZBUS
  program
• 2012 up to 2500 H2-fueled fuel cell or battery
  operated sedans under CARBs ZEV program

6
Membrane Technology - 2

• Stationary applications of fuel cells
• Megawatt-sizes carbonate fuel cells are in
  commercial service
• California/West Coast ----------------19.6 MW
• Japan/Korea --------------------------------16
  MW
• Connecticut (installed or planning) - 33 MW
• NYS SUNY Syracuse -------------------- 250 kw
• NYS SUNY Farmingdale planned --300 kw
• Carbonate fuel cells are fueled with methane from
  wastewater treatment plants, landfills or natural
  gas

7
Typical Small Installations

• Sheraton Manhattan Natural Gas 250 kw

• City of Los Angeles Palmdale Anaerobic
  Digester Gas 300 kw

8
Membrane Technology - 3

• Carbonate fuel cells operate at high temperature
  and can co-produce hydrogen economically
• First project is to be installed in California by
  the end of 2008 by FuelCell Energy and Air
  Products
• AWPH has a potential project at the Albany
  Airport
• Efficiency - 47 electricity, 20 hydrogen, 15
  thermal

9
Carbonate Fuel Cells Provide High Efficiency
10
Albany HyIMPACT Project Final Configuration
CDTA 8 kg/d
Anaerobic Digester
2 Transit Buses
CDTA 80 kg/d
Hydrogen Purification
Fuel Cell
Fueling Station
AIA 8 kg/d
Capacity 100 kg/d
Electricity
GM Fuel Cell Sedans
GM ??? Kg/d
250 kw
11
Emerging Technology Development and Economies of
Scale
12
Membrane Technology - 4

• Other membrane technologies
• Electrochemical separation and compression of
  hydrogen from CO2
• Efficient process
• Low cost/low power requirements
• No moving parts
• An alternate to pressure swing adsorption and
  mechanical compression
• Biogaz separation of methane from landfill gas
• Produces pipeline quality gas

13
Emerging Trigeneration System for Distributed
Electricity and Hydrogen
14
Summary

• Society needs to reduce its dependence on
  petroleum products
• Technologies are emerging to accomplish this
• Carbonate fuel cells are available in megawatt
  sizes and will be applied to large scale
  distributed electricity and hydrogen projects
• There is a role for all types of low and zero
  emission vehicles