SOL Review American Foreign Policy

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SOL ReviewAmerican Foreign Policy Diplomatic
History 1918-1991
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What is internationalism?
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1. The opposite of isolationism2. Heavy
involvement in foreign affairs
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Except for a period in the 1920s and 1930s, what
has been the basis of U.S. foreign policy from
World War I to the Present?
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Internationalism
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Who was president during World War II?
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Identify the Lend-Lease Act.
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A law which allowed the President to sell, lease,
or lend defense equipment to nations which the
President considered vital to American
securityAllowed FDR to help the British against
Germany
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What event brought the U.S. into World War II?
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Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
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What were the Axis nations during World War II?
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GermanyItalyJapan
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Who was the leader of Germany during World War II?
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Adolf Hitler
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Who were the Allies in World War II?
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Great Britainthe Soviet Unionthe United States
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Who was the leader of Great Britain during World
War II?
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Winston Churchill
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Who was the leader of the Soviet Union during
World War II?
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Joseph Stalin
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What happened at the Battle of Stalingrad?
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1. Soviet army defeated the Germans2.
Prevented the Germans from seizing the Soviet oil
fields3. Turned the tide against the Germans on
the eastern front
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What happened at the Normandy landings (D-Day)?
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1. American and Allied troops landed in
France.2. Liberation of Western Europe had
begun.
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Who was the commander of the Allied forces at the
D-Day invasion?
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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What was the turning point of the war in the
Pacific?
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The Battle of Midway
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What was the Allied strategy in the Pacific?
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Island hopping
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How did the United States end the war in the
Pacific?
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Dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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What was the Holocaust?
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Nazi Germanys systematic murder of European
Jews.
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What were the Nuremberg Trials?
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Trials of Nazi leaders for war crimes
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How did the U.S. maintain an adequate supply of
products for the war effort?
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Rationing each family received a monthly
allowance of essential items (sugar, gasoline,
meat)
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How did the Roosevelt administration finance
World War II?
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War bondsThe federal income tax
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What was the Selective Service Act?
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1940 law which established the first peacetime
draft in American history
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What was the Selective Service Act?
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1940 law which established the first peacetime
draft in American history
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What happened to most Japanese-Americans during
World War II?
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Relocated to internment camps, where they were
required to stay until the end of the war
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Who became president when FDR died?
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Harry S. Truman
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What was the Cold War?
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The war of words between the United States and
the Soviet Union between 1945 and 1991
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What was the Truman Doctrine?
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U.S. would defend free peoples who were resisting
attempted subjugation (control) by armed
minorities or outside pressure groups
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What was the Marshall Plan?
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U.S. economic aid program to European nations
after World War II
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What was containment?
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The American policy to limit communism to those
areas where it already existed
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What is communism?
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An economic system in which all property and
means of production are owned by society as a
whole (i.e., by the government in the name of the
people)
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Who was the Communist Chinese leader?
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Mao Zedong
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Who was the anti-communist Chinese leader?
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Chiang Kai-shek
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What is Taiwan?
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Anti-communist nation founded on the island of
Formosa when Chiang fled China
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Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg?
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A couple who worked on the U.S. atomic
projectThey were convicted of espionage and
executed
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Who was Alger Hiss?
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1. A U.S. State Department official charged with
giving secret documents to the Soviets2.
Convicted of perjury
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What was NATO?
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A defensive military alliance of U.S. and Western
European countriesAn attack on one would be
considered an attack on all
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What was the Korean War?
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The 1950-1953 war caused when communist North
Korea invaded anti-communist South Korea
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What policy resulted in American involvement in
the Korean War?
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Containment
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What is the United Nations?
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An international organization to keep peace in
the world
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Who was Senator Joseph McCarthy?
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A Republican senator who accused many American
officials of being communists
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What was McCarthyism?
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Unfairly accusing others of disloyalty and
subversion (overthrow of the government)
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What was Massive Retaliation?
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President Eisenhowers policy that the U.S.
would use swift all-out military actions against
any nation committing aggression in other words
Attack!
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What federal agency coordinates the spy
activities of the United States government?
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Central Intelligence Agency or CIA
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What was the Bay of Pigs?
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The CIA sponsored invasion of Cuba by Cuban
exiles to overthrow Castro. It failed!
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What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
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Soviets placed nuclear missiles in CubaU.S.
blockaded CubaSoviets removed the missiles
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• What Cold War policy resulted in American
  involvement in Vietnam?

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Containment
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• What European colonial power controlled Indochina
  after
• World War II?
• (Indochina included Vietnam.)

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France
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• Who was the leader of the Vietnamese independence
  movement?

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Ho Chi Minh
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• Why did the United States support Frances
  efforts after World War II to keep Indochina as a
  colony?

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Ho Chi Minh was a communist.
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• What was the name of the South Vietnamese
  communists who tried to overthrow the South
  Vietnamese government? (They were guerilla
  fighters.)

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Vietcong
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• What was the official name of the Vietcong?

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The National Liberation Front
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• What president escalated (increased) American
  military involvement in
• the Vietnam War to
• 540,000 troops?

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Lyndon B. Johnson
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• What did Nixon call his policy to turn over the
  war to the South Vietnamese army and
  simultaneously withdraw American troops?

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Vietnamization
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• What country supplied the North Vietnamese Army?

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The Soviet Union
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• What happened in Vietnam?
• (In other words, how did the Vietnam War end?)

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Communist North Vietnam took over South Vietnam
and reunited the country under communist rule.
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• What type of government did Vietnam have when it
  was reunified in 1975?

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Communist
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In chronological order name the American
presidents, who served during the Vietnam War.
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(Ten evil kids jacked Nixons Ford.)

• Truman
• Eisenhower
• Kennedy
• Johnson
• Nixon
• Ford

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• Who was President Nixons most important
  Secretary of State?

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Henry Kissinger
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• With what country did President Nixon begin to
  establish formal diplomatic relations in 1972?

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Communist China
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• Name the Soviet-American discussions to establish
  limits on the number of nuclear weapons.

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The SALT talks
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• Name the first treaty to establish limits on the
  number of nuclear weapons held by the United
  States and the Soviet Union.

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The SALT Treaty
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• What was the basis of President Reagans defense
  policy?

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A massive military buildup
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• What was the effect of President Reagans
  military buildup on American relations with the
  Soviet Union?

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It increased tension between the United States
and the Soviet Union.
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• What action did President Reagan take in Western
  Europe during his first term?

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Reagan placed new nuclear missiles in Western
Europe.
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• Who became the leader of the Soviet Union in
  1985?
• (This leader was known for the policies of
  Glasnost and Perestroika.)

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Mikhail Gorbachev
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• What is the Russian word for openness?

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Glasnost
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• Name Gorbachevs policy of encouraging freedom of
  expression in the
• Soviet Union.

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Glasnost
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• What Russian word referred to restructuring
• Soviet society?

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Perestroika
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• What type of restructuring did Perestroika do?

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Economic restructuring
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• What countries were Soviet satellites after World
  War II?

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The countries of Eastern Europe
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• What does one call a nation that is formally
  independent, but dominated by
• another power?

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A satellite
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• What was the name of the revolutionary labor
  movement in Poland during the 1980s?

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The Solidarity movement
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What was the best known symbol of the Cold War?
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The Berlin Wall
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• What happened to the Berlin Wall in 1989?

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It was torn down.
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• What happened in Germany in 1990?

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East Germany and West Germany reunited under the
democratic West German government.
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• What happened to the Soviet Union in 1991?

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It fell apart or collapsed.
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• What action did Gorbachev take on Christmas Day,
  1991?

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He resigned and declared the Soviet Union had
ended.
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• In chronological order name the leaders of the
  Soviet Union during the Cold War.

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(Stupid kids buy guns.)

• Stalin
• Krushchev
• Brezhnev
• Gorbachev