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SOAPS and DIDOS

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Title: SOAPS and DIDOS


1
SOAPS and DIDOS
  • An Introduction to Close Reading

2
SOAPS
  • Subject
  • Occasion
  • Audience
  • Purpose
  • Speaker

3
S SUBJECT
  • The subject of an essay is the writers main
    point, the topic being addressed.
  • There are sometimes multiple points.
  • In an ironic essay, the point may be the opposite
    of what is being said.
  • Ask What is the writer talking about?

4
O OCCASION
  • The occasion of a piece is the situation that
    gets the author to sit down and write.
  • Ask What circumstance or event led the writer
    to pen this essay?

5
A AUDIENCE
  • The audience is the person or group of people a
    writer is addressing in a piece.
  • Audience includes the type of people the writer
    wants to reach.
  • This includes all kinds of demographic groups
    different races, ages, income levels, education
    levels, political beliefs, etc.
  • Ask Who is this essay for?

6
P PURPOSE
  • Purpose is the reason behind a piece.
  • This includes both the subject and the occasion,
    but it is not the same as these two.
  • Purpose can be to argue an issue, to describe a
    scene, to tell a story, etc.
  • Ask Why did this writer put this on paper?

7
S SPEAKER
  • The speaker is the person addressing the audience
    in the essay.
  • The speaker is NOT merely the author.
  • An essays speaker is always a persona i.e., an
    element of the writer and not the whole person.
  • Ask Which part of the authors personality is
    speaking through this piece?

8
DIDOS
  • Diction
  • Imagery
  • Details
  • Organization
  • Syntax

9
D DICTION
  • Diction is the writers choice of words.
  • Remember that words do not get onto the paper by
    accident. Each word represents a choice.
  • Diction can be elevated or low, common or
    academic.
  • Diction draws on words connotations, their extra
    meaning outside the literal.
  • Ask What are the most powerful or important
    words, and what effect do they have on the piece?

10
I IMAGERY
  • Imagery is the writers use of language that
    engages the audiences five senses.
  • Imagery can affect the tone of the piece and lend
    weight to a narrative or an argument.
  • Ask Why has the writer chosen to use language
    that appeals to specific sense(s), and what
    effect does it have on the piece?

11
D DETAILS
  • Writers select the details they will use very
    carefully.
  • In narrative, details help create the scene and
    the mood. They help tell the story.
  • In arguments, the details are the supports the
    writer uses to convince the audience of a point.
  • Ask What does this detail add to the story or
    to the message? Why did the writer choose this
    particular detail?

12
O ORGANIZATION
  • Organization is the way the writer has put
    together the essay.
  • Some types of organization
  • Chronological
  • Compare/contrast
  • Cause/effect
  • Juxtaposition (placing very different things next
    to each other to draw attention to their
    differences and similarities)
  • Ask Why did the writer put these ideas together
    in this way? What point is s/he trying to make?

13
S SYTNAX
  • Syntax refers to the structure of the writers
    sentences.
  • Sentences can be simple or complex they can use
    parallelism they can be fragments.
  • To understand syntax better, you need to
    understand grammar better!
  • Ask Why did the writer choose this type of
    sentence? What does it contribute to the piece?
    What does it say about audience and speaker? How
    does it help or hinder the message?

14
  • Good readers use these tools for every book,
    story, poem, and essay they read. Good writers
    make conscious choices about these tools in every
    piece they write.
  • Practice Makes Permanent!
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