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CHAPTER SEVEN

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Between man and woman not his wife. Force or threat of severe bodily harm ... Have extremely high rate of revictimization. Why? Date Rape ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: CHAPTER SEVEN


1
CHAPTER SEVEN
  • SEXUAL VICTIMIZATION

2
Defining Sexual Victimization
  • 1770-1845 in England
  • Common law definition
  • Elements
  • Intentional sexual intercourse
  • Between man and woman not his wife
  • Force or threat of severe bodily harm
  • Without womans consent
  • Focus still on penile-vaginal penetration
  • What does that leave out?

3
History
  • Eye for an Eye
  • Protection of virginal daughters of wealthy
  • Rape and credibility
  • Force and resistance
  • Utmost resistance
  • Reasonable resistance
  • Stranger v. acquaintance rapes
  • Modern sexual offenses

4
Problems in determining rates of victimization
  • Official statistics
  • What gets reported?
  • Child victim
  • Prior sex with rapist
  • Type of victimization

5
Prevalence and Incidence Rates
  • Prevalencerates over a lifetime
  • 18-44 of women (rape or attempted rape)
  • At least 3 of men (rape or attempted rape)
  • Incidencerates over a certain period
  • 13 times more occurrences than in UCR

6
Who are the Victims?
  • Anyone regardless of race, age or class
  • Overwhelmingly female (probably 95)
  • Most at risk
  • Female
  • Black
  • 16-24
  • When and where at most risk?
  • At night and in summer
  • In own home

7
Who are the Offenders?
  • Dynamics of rape
  • Power issue
  • Domination is the goal
  • Categories
  • Anger rapes
  • Power rapes
  • Sadistic rapes

8
Who are the Offenders?
  • Why are Black males overrepresented?
  • Consequence of focus on black-on-white rapes
  • Denies victimization of Black women
  • Denies most victimization of white women
  • False picture of rape
  • Typical rapist
  • Impact of the media

9
Victim-Offender Relationship
  • 84 of rapes (attempts) by acquaintance
  • Difficulties when offender is known to victim
  • Shame
  • Retaliation

10
Child Sexual Victimization
  • The abused
  • 10-20 of females
  • 2-10 of males
  • 70 female and 30 male
  • How much is reported?
  • The abuser
  • Male (96)
  • 10 are strangers
  • 90 are family or acquaintances

11
Child Sexual Victimization
  • Majority of rapes in childhood and adolescence
  • 50 of rapes are before age 18
  • Almost 2/3 of women report sex abuse as a child

12
The Abuser
  • Myth as to who abuses
  • Age of offender
  • Personality traits

13
Increase in Child Sexual Abuse
  • Quadrupled from early 1900s to 1970s
  • Explanations
  • Child pornography
  • Sexual revolution
  • Backlash against sexual equality
  • Victims become victimizers
  • Stepfamilies

14
Consequences of Sexual Abuse
  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Negative feeling about men
  • Inability to trust
  • Low self-esteem
  • Alcohol/substance abuse
  • Promiscuity
  • Eating disorders
  • Becoming an abuser

15
Consequences of Sexual Abuse
  • Have extremely high rate of revictimization
  • Why?

16
Date Rape
  • Forced or coerced sexual intimacy by someone with
    who one has had a romantic or dating relationship
  • Not a new thing
  • 15-25 of college women
  • 10 of college men admit rape (or attempted)
  • Who is most at risk?

17
Date Rape
  • She owes it to him
  • Who is a legitimate rape victim?
  • Socialization
  • Research of fraternities a male athletes
  • Two factors correlate to date rape

18
Date Rape
  • 84That wasnt rape!
  • 35 would rape if could get away with it
  • 1/3 dont hear No
  • Miscommunication
  • Sexually aggressive men

19
Marital Rape
  • Contradiction in terms?
  • Categories of marital rape
  • Battering rapes
  • Nonbattering rapes
  • Obsessive rapes
  • Is it serious?
  • What took so long?
  • NY law

20
Criminal Justice System
  • Response of family and friends
  • Response of medical community
  • Police response
  • 8-16 are reported
  • Unfounded
  • Nonconforming victims
  • Women of color

21
The Court Process
  • Prosecution
  • Attitude of prosecutor
  • Factors that influence conviction
  • Victim-offender relationship
  • Amount of force and resistance
  • How good the evidence is

22
The Court Process
  • How victims prepare for trial
  • Appearance work
  • Rehearsal
  • Emotion work
  • Team building
  • Role research
  • Case enhancement

23
SEXUAL VICTIMIZATION
  • END CHAPTER SEVEN
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