Olaf Husby

1
Olaf Husby
Variation in Norwegian as a second language
spoken by Vietnamese speakers
04.08.2006
2
Background

• Vietnamese speakers ability to reproduce
  Norwegian stress patterns
• Adult male students (20-27 years)
• 5 long term residents (more than 10 years)
• 5 short term residents (less than 1 year)
• 5 Norwegians (control group)

3
Hypothesis

• The accent of Vietnameses NO2 is related to how
  they produce Norwegian stress patterns
• Norwegian Stress timing (Popperwell 1963)
• Prominent stressed syllabled
• Compressed unstressed syllables
• Anacrusis
• Part of foot following stressed syllable
• Vietnamese Syllable timing
• Stressed alternatively strong-weak from ultimate
  word of phrase and forwards (Jones and Thong,
  1960)

4
Material

• 24 words
• 1 - 4 syllables
• Stressed syllable
• Short vowel, long vowel (closed/open syllable)
• X, X, X-
• Xx, Xx, xX, xX, xX-
• Xxx, Xxx, xXx, xXx, xxX, xxX, xxX-
• Xxxx, Xxxx, xXxx, xXxx, xxXx, xxXx, xxxX,
  xxxX, xxxX
• (Question) - answer

5
Problems

• Vowel duration in stressed syllable
• Long, short
• Phonotactic variation
• Varying syllable structures in material
• Phonotacic constraints
• Differences NO/VN

6
Vietnamese

• Monosyllabic
• Syllable structure CGVC
• Coda plosives, nasals
• (unreleased, double articulation)
• No opposition long/short vowel
• except for lt a - agt and lt o - â gt
• 6 (5) tones

7
Norwegian

• Polysyllabic
• Syllable structure CCCVVCCCC
• Opposition long/short vowel
• 2 tones

8
Solution

• Liberman and Streeter (1978), Larkey (1983)
• Reiterated speech based on /b?/ /b?/
• li /b??/
• loven /b??ba/
• banan /b?b??/
• fotografen /b?b?ba?b?/
• revolusjon /b?b?b?ba?/

9
Acoustic cues

• Spectrum
• Intensity
• F0 pattern
• Duration

10
Duration

• Phrase (Det er en bababaBA)
• Word (bababaBA)
• Anacrusis (bababa)
• Duration of unstressed syllables
• /b?/
• /b/, /?/
• Duration of stressed syllable
• /b?/
• /b/, /a/

11
Monosyllabic words (NO)
12
Bisyllabic words (NO)
13
Trisyllabic words (NO)
14
Quadrisyllabic words (NO)
15
Quadrisyllabic words (NO)
16
Quadrisyllabic words (NO)
17
Quadrisyllabic words (NO)
18
Quadrisyllabic words (NO)
19
Lengthening of syllables

• TR Stress
• FIN Final position
• RTM Rhythm (even numbered syllables following
  the
• stressed syllable)

20
Lengthening of syllables
21
Monosyllabic words (All)
22
Bisyllabic words (All)
23
Trisyllabic words (All)
24
Quadrisyllabic words (ALL)
25
Summary