Crisis and Change, 1675 1720

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CHAPTER 3

• Crisis and Change, 1675 - 1720

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Rebellions and War

• Religious unrest increases, especially between
  Puritans and Quakers
• King Philips War (1671), led by Metacom of the
  Wampanoags, leads to loss for Indians
• Bacons Rebellion (1675) conflict in Virginia of
  elites versus landless challenged colonial
  government
• Unsuccessful Pueblo revolt (1680) took place
  against Spanish in Southwest, killing 400
  colonists and 21 priests

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New England About the Time of King Philips War
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New Mexico c. 1680
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William Penns Holy Experiment

• Penn received colony on Delaware River in lieu of
  monetary debt owed to his father by Charles II
• Penn has grand plans to establish Pennsylvania as
  haven for Quakers and place for him to gain
  wealth
• Set up arbitration panels of natives to resolve
  conflicts peacefully
• Colony is successful, but not for Penn
• In 1704, three southern counties formed Delaware

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The Glorious Revolution and Its Aftermath

• Charles II revokes Massachusetts charter and
  establishes the hated Dominion of New England
• Revolutions occur in 1689, both in England and in
  the colonies
• James II removed as king, replaced by William and
  Mary
• Social upheaval contributes to witchcraft
  hysteria in Salem, Massachusetts
• In Salem, 14 women and 5 men were hanged on
  Witches Hill

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Whig Theory of Government

• All power came from the people.
• The purpose of government was to serve the
  people.
• Government was based on a social contract with
  the people.
• Government should be restrained and government
  powers should be curtailed.

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Wars and Rivalry for North America

• English colonists in Carolinas invade Guale and
  Florida to gain control of trade centers
• French begin exploration and settlement of
  Louisiana
• In Canada, King Williams War pits the French
  and their native allies against the British
• In 1713, the Treaty of Utrecht ends Queen Annes
  War and cedes control of Nova Scotia,
  Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay to British

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North America in 1700
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Southeastern North America in Early 18th Century
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The Entrenchment of Slavery in British America

• Slavery was adopted New World due to
• - British feelings of cultural superiority
• - Native American were difficult to enslave
• and their population was diminished by
• disease
• - Conditions in England less indentured to
  America
• Middle Passage brought millions of Africans to
  the Americas under horrifying conditions
• Slavery develops in different ways, based on type
  of labor needed

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Resistance and Rebellion

• Slave rebellions occur rarely, but most
  resistance is less aggressive (e.g., feigned
  illness, theft, crop destruction)
• Slave rebellions were punished with executions
  and torture
• A few colonists, notably the Quakers, begin to
  question morality of slavery

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Economic Developments in the British Colonies

• Most colonial families lived on farms or
  plantations
• Northern economies concentrated of fishing and
  shipping
• Seaports become places of great activity, despite
  problems of congestion
• Plantations of Chesapeake and South Carolina
  become more prosperous, largely due to use of
  slave labor
• The small slave-owning percent of southern
  population dominated the economy and culture

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