FadDiets

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Fad-Diets

• Presented October 21, 2004
• IVCC Chemistry Club
• National Chemistry Week 2004
• Julie Sherbeyn Health Wellness Instructor

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Some History

• B.Sears
• The Zone Diet (40, 30, 30)

• G. Harrop
• Liquid Diet (skim milk bananas)

• H. Tarnower
• Scarsdale Diet
• (high protein, low calorie)

• S. Graham
• Vegetarian
• No alcohol,
• tea, or coffee
• Yes crackers

• J. Mazel
• Beverly Hills Diet (all fruit)

early
mid 1830 1890 1938 1972 1978
1979 1981 1990s 1990s 2002

• N. Pritikin
• Pritikin Diet (low fat)

• A. Agatston
• South Beach Diet

• H. Fletcher
• The Great Masicator
• Low meat
• High carbs veggies

• R. Atkins
• Atkins Diet (high protein, low carb)

• D. Ornish
• Vegetarian and extremely low fat

http//www.channel4.com/science/microsites/B/bodys
tory/fat_diets.html
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2000 Dietary Guidelines

• Aim for fitness
• Aim for a healthy weight.
• Be physicall active each day.
• Build a healthy base
• Let the Pyramid guide your food choices.
• Eat a variety of grains daily, especially whole
  grains.
• Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily.
• Keep foods safe to eat.
• Choose sensibly
• Choose a diet that is low in saturated fat and
  cholesterol and moderate in total fat.
• Choose beverages and foods to moderate your
  intake of sugars.
• Choose and prepare foods with less salt.
• If you drink alcoholic beverages, do so in
  moderation.

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Fig. 6.2 The food guide pyramid
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The Mediterranean diet
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Biochemistry

• Energy Sources
• Carbohydrate
• Fat
• Protein
• Fat metabolism
• Ketosis
• Catabolism
• Positive and Negative nitrogen balance

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How much?

• Carbohydrate 55-60
• Fat 30
• Saturated
• Protein 10-15
• Most adults - 0.8g/kg BW
• Nonvegetarian endurance athletes 1.2 to 1.4g/kg
  BW
• Nonvegetarian strength athletes 1.6 to 1.7g/kg
  BW
• Vegetarian endurance athletes 1.3 to 1.5g/kg BW
• Vegetarian strength athletes 1.7 to 1.8g/kg BW
• (Body Weight in pounds / 2.2 kg BW)

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Energy Balance

• Input is energy consumed as calories from food.
• Output is energy expended at rest, eating, and in
  activity.
• energy in energy out weight change
• energy in energy out weight
• energy in

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The answer

• Eat less.
• Exercise more.
• Lose weight.
• So UnAmerican!

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References

• Johnson, R., Kennedy, E. The 2000 Dietary
  Guidelines for Americans What are the changes
  and why were they made? Annual Editions
  Nutrition 04/05, 16th ed. Dubuque, IA
  McGraw-Hill/Dushkin, 2004.
• Hales, D. An Invitation to Health, 11th ed.
  Belmont, CA Wadsworth Thomson Learning, 2003.
• Thompson, J. and Manore, M. Nutrition An
  Applied Approach, San Francisco, CA Pearson
  Education Benjamin Cummings, 2005.
• McArdle, W., Katch, F., and Katch, V. Exercise
  Physiology Energy, Nutrition, and Human
  Performance, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA Lea
  Febiger, 1991.