DAY 2

1
DAY 2

• TEAM EVENT
• NEWS ARTICLE
• OVERVIEW
• REVIEW
• MARCH

2
Modern Aviation/Military History Overview
COLD WAR WITH USSR
NUCLEAR WAR POSSIBLE
1919-1939 Golden Age of Aviation
9-11-2001 War on Terrorism Begins
1950-1953 Korean WarStalemate Jet Aces
1991 Desert Storm
1973-1980 US Whipped
1903 Wright Brothers
?
1914-1918 World War I
1960-1973 Vietnam War US Loses
March 2003 Iraqi Freedom
1939-1945 World War II USCatches UpNuclear
1980-1991 Rebuilding Reagan Era Major Advances
1992-2000 Terrorism grows unchecked Clinton Draw
-down
US Lags in Aviation
3
NEW AIRCRAFT

• CV-22
• Osprey
• Deployed 16 Nov 2006
• IOC in 2009
• Mission Long range insertion, exit, and resupply
  of special operations forces

4
Golden Age of Aviation

• 1919-1939
• Greatest advances in aviation
• Interest in aviation low
• Changed by pioneers and barnstormers
• Navy crosses the Atlantic
• 4 legslanding in Plymouth
• Barnstormers Flying gypsies
• Flew around town and landed at barns giving
  rides and performing stunts
  

5
Pioneers of Aviation

• Charles Lindbergh
• Crossed Atlanticnon-stop, solo in the Spirit of
  St. Louis
  
• Married Anne Morrowlost first child
• Fought with FDR over military control of air mail
  but was still a loyal American
  
• Phoebe Fairgrave Omlie
• First woman to have a federal job in aviation
• Painting names on top of buildings for airmail

6
Women Pioneers

• Bessie Coleman
• African American femalefirst to earn pilots
  license
  
• Hard 12th of 13th child of a former slave
• Had to go to France
• Died raising money to start a flying school for
  African Americans in 1926
  
• Willa B. Brown
• Came after Bessie Coleman and started the Coffey
  School of Aeronautics that would train the
  Tuskegee Airmen in n1939
  
• Ruth Elder
• First female to attempt crossing the
  Atlanticditched in the ocean
  
• Became a Hollywood actress

7
Famous Pioneer Flights

• Richard Byrd
• In 1926, Richard Byrd earned world recognition
  for the United States when he made mans first
  flight over the North Pole.
  
• He made his flight to the North Pole in a Fokker
  monoplane equipped with three Wright Whirlwind
  engines.
  
• Made possible by improved engines and oils as
  well as navigational instruments

8
Anne Morrow Lindbergh

• Stayed out of her husbands shadow
• She was her husbands copilot and navigator.
• She was 7 months pregnant in April 1930 when
  Charles Lindbergh set a transcontinental speed
  recordshe flew even while sick
  
• Her husband said in turn, No woman exists or has
  existed who is her equal.
  
• Most famous flight was to find a route over
  Canada and North Pole to China
  

9
Amelia Earhart

• Best known female pilotprobably of all time
• Worked as a nurse
• She would at first cross the Atlantic as a
  passenger
  
• Publicity she got she felt undeserved but used it
  to her advantage

10
Amelia Earhart

• Amelia began to have self-doubtsfelt
  undeserving
  
• She was the first to make a transcontinental
  flight in an autogirohelicopter
  
• Still wanted to fly the Atlantic alone
• On Friday, May 20, 1932, she took off alone in
  her Lockheed Vega from Newfoundland
  
• 5 years after Lindbergh
• 1,860 mile trip took 2,065 miles
• Instrument and electrical storms caused diversion

11
Amelia Earhart

• Would fly the same Vega from Honolulu to Oakland,
  California
  
• First person to do so (MAN or WOMAN)
• Only challenge leftfly around the world
• She would fly east to westclose to the
  equator27,000-mile route
  
• The trip went well for 40 days and 22,000 miles,
  until the longest and most dangerous leg.
  
• A 2,556-mile hop from Lae, New Guinea, to Howland
  Island1 mile by 2-mile wide.

12
Amelia Earhart

• Contact was lost with the Vega
• President Roosevelt ordered a massive air-sea
  search costing more than 4 million.
  
• Results were negative
• Investigation found Earhart to be careless
• She removed flares and radio equipment to lessen
  the weight
  
• The radio had weak signaldirectly resulting in
  LOS

13
Amelia Earhart

• Much controversy surrounds this even today
• Some argue she stirred up trouble as an arrogant
  womaneven questioning her marriage
  
• Others site her as a leader in womens rights
• Rumors of her being a spy to UFOs abound, because
  no wreckage was ever found
  

14
Commercial Aviation after World War I

• Europe led in the development of
  passenger-carrying airlines.
  
• Germany entered the field less than 3 months
  after the war.
  
• Both the British and the French began passenger
  service in 1919
  
• US would start commercial aviation by delivering
  mail in May 1918

15
Airmail Service

• Army pilots carried the mail in Curtiss JN-4H
  biplanes with a mail load of 200 pounds per
  trip.
  
• Couldnt compete with trains unless they flew at
  nightpath lit by bonfires
  
• Later replaced by lighthouses
• Planes equipped with lights
• 25 pilots killed in first 3 years

16
Passenger Service

• By 1926, European airline companies had carried
  more than 100,000 passengers
  
• Passenger travel in the U.S. had a much slower
  beginning.
  
• Our aircraft were not durable enough to go the
  distances and over the rough terrain of America
  
• Not seen as a good investment

17
Passenger Service

• US government pays companies to deliver mail with
  passengers
  
• Aircraft companies build reliable planes
• DC-2
• DC-3 20,000 feet at 200 mph
• 1938 Carried 95 of service
• Would become C-47 in WWII

18
Seaplanes

• Pan American ClippersS-42
• In 1927, would fly the first airmail route
  between Key West, Florida, and Havana, Cuba.
  
• Would extend to South America and both Oceans

19
Other AviationAccomplishments

• Seaplanes
• In 1934, Pan Am took delivery of an even larger
  flying boat, the Martin 130, which they called
  the China Clipper.
  
• On November 22, 1935, the China Clipper took off
  from California for the first transpacific flight.

20
Rigid Airships

• Between WW I and WW II saw their rise and fall
• Useful for observation and but not efficient form
  of air transportation.
  
• Hydrogen was volatileUS used helium
• Still bulky and accident prone
• Germany was most efficient
• Known as ZRsZeppelin Rigids
• Had to surrender all that were constructed during
  WW I
  
• US scrapped their program after 8 years

21
Hindenburg

• Most famous was the Hindenburg
• Launched in 1936 and made ten successful
  round-trips between Germany and the United
  States.
  
• Crashed in 1937, killing 36 people

22
US Rigid Airship

• Shenandoah
• Navy used it as a public relationsair shows
• Broke up over Ohiofourteen of the crew of 43
  died in the accident.
  
• Goodyear got the contract1924
• Akron crashed off coast of New Jersey
• 73 died crew died
• Macon crashed in Pacific
• 2 out of 81 died
• Todayonly used in public events

23
A Growing Market

• A growth occurred in personal aircraft
• No longer the Jenny
• Included names like Piper, Beech and Cessna
• Air Races would beginCOMPETITION WORKS!!!
• Encouraged manufacturers to build faster and
  better aircraft
  
• Pulitzer, Bendix,and Thompson Races
• Flew around towers

24
Competition Works

• Speed Increases
• The 1913 race had four entries and only one
  finishedaverage speed45.8 mph
  
• By 1931, speed increased to over 340 mph
• 1934 440 mph
• Air Races opened the door for women
• The women were quickly and frivolously called
  Petticoat Pilots, Angels, and the Flying
  Flappers.
  
• The Derby became known as the Power Puff Derby,
  and ironically the women later adopted the name
  for the event.

25
Womens Air Derby

• Led to the formation of an association of women
  fliers called the Ninety-nines
  
• Women dedicated to improving opportunities for
  women
  
• Clara (Studer) Trenckmann, not a pilot herself
  but a strong believer of women in aviation, set
  the ball in motion.
  

26
The Ninety-Nines

• Leadership problems arose immediately.
• Strong-willed womeneveryone wanted to lead
• Original leader died in a car accident before
  starting
  
• In 1931, Amelia Earhart voted the first
  president.
  
• Still a formidable force in aviation, promoting
  womens interest
  
• If enough of us keep trying, well get
  someplace. Amelia Earhart
  

27
Aeronautics?ResearchCenters and Progress

• Science of Aeronauticsbecame organized in the
  1920s
  
• In 1915 President Woodrow Wilson formed the
  National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
  (NACA).
  
• Bi-planes gave way to mono-planes
• Retractable landing gears developed to reduce
  drag
  
• Pressurized cabinshigher altitudes
• Flaps to lower take-off and landing speeds

28
Helicopters

• Rotary-Wing Progress
• 1923 Juan de la Cierva (Spanish) built the first
  successful autogiro
  
• Spain, France and Germany would lead aviation in
  this area

29
Igor Sikorsky

• Russian-born American developed the first
  practical helicopter
  
• Its first free flight was on May 13, 1940.
• The name Sikorsky still stands for excellence in
  helicopters throughout the world.
  

30
Rocketry Begins

• Dr. Robert H. Goddard, a physics professor at
  Clark University in Massachusetts
  
• On March 16, 1926, he launched the worlds first
  liquid-fuel rocket
  
• Called the Father of Modern Rocketry
• Laid the foundation upon which the Space Age was
  built
  
• Two other names
• Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, a Russian schoolteacher
  wrote articles of great influence
  
• Herman Oberth, a German rocket expertled the
  development of the V-2 rocket