Photo by Joel Trick

1
Photo by Joel Trick
2
(No Transcript)
3
Insects in the world

• Most successful animals
• Make up 2 out of three living things
• With other arthropods make up over 75 of all
  animals
• Have been around for 350 million years

4
Number of total species
5
Arthropods Insects and their relatives

• Do not have a backbone(invertebrates)
• Jointed legged animals include
• Ticks, mites ,spiders ,millipedes
• Centipedes, and insects

6
What is an insect?
7
Insect -characters

• Body divided into three
• regions

8
Insect -characters

• Three sets of legs
• Easiest character to
• see

9
Insect -characters

• One pair of antennae
• May be
• small

10
Insect -characters

• Wings
• Only birds, bats and insects
• Only found in adult insects
• Not all insects have wings (fleas,springtails)

11
Spiders- Arachnids

• 4 pairs of legs
• No antennae
• No wings
• 2 body divisions
• Spiders are not
• insects

12
Millipedes
13
Insect Developmentor Metamorphosis

• Two forms of development (change)
• Simple/ Partial/ Primitive
• Complete/ Advanced

14
Simple metamorphosis

• Egg- nymph- adult
• All life stages look similar, behave similar
• Whole family can live and feed together

15
Simple(gradual) Metamorphosis
16
(No Transcript)
17
Simple Metamorphosis Orders
18
Complete Metamorphosis

• Egg -Larvae-Pupae-Adult
• Larvae not look like adult- are wormlike
• Can live in different environment
• Eat different food
• Larvae usually the main pest

19
(No Transcript)
20
Complete Metamorphosis
21
Complete Metamorphosis Orders
22
Insect Larvae
23
Exoskeleton
Why do insects look so strange?
24
Exoskeleton

• Insect covered with hard outer shell
• Skin is very plastic like
• Difficult to sense environment

25
Exoskeleton
26
Molting
27
Cast skin of cicada
28
(No Transcript)
29
Insect Development

• Cold blooded- development influenced by
  temperature
• Most insects inactive below 50 0 F
• Breed, eat, develop faster the warmer it is up to
  95 0 F.

30
Insect mouthparts-two types
damage

• Chewing mouthparts
• Sucking mouthparts

damage
31

32
Chewing mouthparts
33
Insect reproduction

• Short life cycles- most go through generation in
  1- 6 weeks
• Large number of offspring / female -100-2,000 eggs

34
Insect reproduction
Experiment
Fruit flies- 2 week life cycle 26
generations/year 100 eggs / female
35
Insect Reproduction

• In 1 year from 1 male and 1 female
• if all offspring survive to breed
• would produce
• 10 41 flies-
• if pack 1000 flies/cu. in.

36
Insect Reproduction

• A ball of fruit flies 96 million miles in
  diameter which is 2/3 of the distance from earth
  to sun
• ?
• Why doesnt it happen?

37
Insect classification

• 26-28 Orders -to separate use
• Type of development
• Type of mouthparts
• and

38
Insect classification
If present, number and type
39
Order Orthoptera

• Roaches
• Crickets
• Walking sticks
• Mantids
• Grasshoppers

40
Order Orthoptera

• Simple development
• Chewing mouthparts
• Two pairs of wings/
• first set are thickened and leather-like

41
Orthoptera wings
1st pair leather like, thickened
2nd pair thin flying wing
42
Orthoptera wings
43
Orthoptera
44
(No Transcript)
45
Earwigs- Dermaptera

• Short wing covers-second pair not always
  developed
• Simple development
• Chewing mouthparts
• Have terminal forceps
• 20 species in North America

46
True bugs -Order Hemiptera

• Simple development
• Sucking mouthparts
• Two pairs of wings/
• 1st pair a half wing in Heterocera

47
True Bugs- Hemiptera wings
Two sets of wings 1st pair thick for 1st half ,
thin for other


48
Conifer seed bug
Half wing
49
Aphids, scales, ciadaSuborder Homoptera

• Simple development
• Sucking mouthparts
• Two pairs of membrane type wings

50
Adult cicada
1
2
51
Ash leaf-curl aphids
52
Butterflies and moths -Order Lepidoptera

• Complete development-larvae are caterpillars
• Larvae have chewing mouth parts
• Two pairs of wings/ Covered with scales

53
Butterflies and moths -Order Lepidoptera
54
Scaled wings
55
caterpillar
Iris borer
56
Beetles- Order Coleoptera

• Complete development- larvae are grubs
• Chewing mouthparts larvae and adults
• Two pairs of wings-first hardened into
• wing covers

57
Beetles- Order Coleoptera
Adult beetle
58
Asian Lady Beetle
59
Japanese beetle grubs
60
True Flies- Order Diptera

• Complete development-larvae are maggots
• Chewing mouthparts in larvae/
• variable in adults
• Adults only have 1 pair of wings

61
Horse fly

62
Wing veins
Antennae
16,914 species in North America 113 Families
63
Rat-tailed maggots

64
Ants,bees,sawfliesOrder Hymenoptera

• Complete development-larvae are maggot like
• Chewing mouthparts in larvae
• Two pairs of wings- both membrane like
• hooked together to work as one

65
Elm sawfly adult
66
Hymenoptera wings
67

Sawfly larvae
68
Amazing insect facts

• Larvae eat 3-4 times their weight / day in food
• Aphids can process 100 times weight in plant sap
• Some insects can survive being frozen solid

69
Photo by Joel Trick
70
(No Transcript)
71
Multi colored Asian Lady Beetle
72
(No Transcript)
73
(No Transcript)
74
Harmonia larvae
75
Cocinellid beetles