SOVIET AND POSTSOVIET FOREIGN POLICY

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SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY

• In Search of Stalin

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TODAYS AGENDA

• Administrative
• Web Site of the Day
• News
• Soviet Foreign Policy under Stalin

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ADMINISTRATIVE

• Apology
• Thanks for the Essays
• Do Your Readings!
• Office and Office hours
• Upcoming Exam (5/1)
• How to use the study guide
• See me after class to sign-up for lunches
• Voluntary
• TNSTAAFL
• Wexner

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WEB SITE OF THE DAY

• The Central Intelligence Agency
• http//www.odci.gov
• Especially the World Factbook
• Maps- by country plus one of CIS
• Background information
• To include major religion and capitals
• Use it for first exam!!!

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The World Factbook
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AND IN THE NEWS...

• President and Patriarch celebrate Paschal Liturgy
  
• Putin The Orthodox Church has played a special
  role in the history of Russia, in the
  establishment and consolidation of the state.
• Patriarch congratulated those fighting in
  Chechnya
• Open Skies Treaty
• transparency
• US Criticizes Attacks on Free Press
• Lets look at each sides frame
• Are these frames determined by ideology or
  pragmatism (realism vs. ideas)
• What is the goal of our position?
• What are the costs and benefits of our position?
  
• Goal and costs of their position?
• The Perils of Volunteer Work
• Not to mention fishing, doing science, or serving
  in military

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IDEOLOGY, MISCALCULATION, OR PURE GENIUS

• Ideology world revolution was inevitable
• Bolsheviks Divided on WWI Strategy
• 1917 Decree of Peace
• Olive Branch to Germany (devil)
• Play for time (why?)
• Germans had the better hand
• Trotskys No War No Peace
• German called their bluff and moved East
• Gave support to Lenins pragmatism
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• Russians gave up tons of land, humiliated, more
  pragmatic, defensive, and bitter
• Realized need to consolidate power at home while
  moving for revolution abroad.
• Consolidated Lenins control over party
• The Polish Fiasco Revolution from Without
• Three factors resulting from formative years
• Revolutionary Internationalism (isolation,
  COMINTERN)
• The new pillar of the revolution the RKKA
• Tactical Flexibility (read summary on page 36)

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ACCOMMODATION OR RETREAT?

• Huge Army No longer necessary
• Move to dual standing/militia formulation
• War Communism no longer useful
• Switch to NEP (Which one was Lenins true
  preference?)
• Adversarial Relationship w/West no longer useful
• Needed hold out until world revolution (Lenins
  preference?)
• Double strategy formal friendship while
  undermining friends (COMINTERN)
• Increased economic ties, but still uneasy about
  West
• The answer? Align with Germany
• Treaty of Rapallo true pragmatism (16 April
  1922)
• Full diplomatic relations
• Mutual most-favored nation status
• Mutual renunciation of war damages
• Served many purposes
• Security alliance with a major Western power
• Took advantage of Western divisions and prevented
  anti-Soviet alliance maintained balance of power
• Secret protocols military cooperation

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STALIN COMES IN

• 1922 Treaty of Rapallo
• W/ Germany
• Lenin dies in 1924
• Stalins Rise to Power
• He, Zinoviev and Kamenev vs. Trotski (left)
• Then shifting alliances to consolidate power
• Then ZKT vs. Stalin, Bukharin et al (right) won
  in 1927
• But NEP became unpopular so Stalin vs. Bukharin
  and rise of 5 year plans
• How did Stalin do it?
• Socialism in One Country
• Necessity is the mother of invention

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STALIN COMES IN

• Soviet Situation in 30s
• State of Economy? 5 year plans imposed short
  term losses
• State of military? (purges etc.)
• State of relations/accommodation? Deteriorating
• In Europe Collective Security (Litvinov)
• Doomed from the get go?
• Worried about war, knew they MUST have peace
• Rise of Hitler in 33
• Japanese troops on Eastern border
• German/Japanese anti COMINTERN union
• Luckily, Japan attacked China instead
• Joined League of Nations (after Germany and Japan
  left)
• At Home build industry and modernize army
• Purge the military and elite (1934-9)

Military Purge Rank Killed/Total Marshals
3/5 Army COs 13/15 Corp Cos
50/57 Div Cos 154/186 Colonels
401/456
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TRYING TO AVOID WWII

• 1938 and CZ Stalin out in the Cold
• Stalin new war was coming
• The Western Powers dragged their feet
• Litvinov (Mr. Collective Security) sacked
• August 23, 1939 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
• No War, No Peace- Revisited?
• Goodbye for good collective security!!!
• Why did they do this? What were the benefits?
  Time?
• August 30, 1939 Molotov defends pact
• September 1, 1939 Germany - Poland
• WWII Begins
• 1940 Stalin Gets Greedy
• Finland, Bulgaria, Turkey, Bessarabia
• Treaty of Neutrality with Japan
• Continued appeasement of Germany
• And Pays for it!!! (22 June 1941)

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COMING UP

• TUESDAY (4/24)
• WWII and the COLD WAR
• THURSDAY (4/26)
• The decline of the Soviet Union
• Perhaps a movie on Afghanistan
• TUESDAY (5/1)
• EXAM
• Contact me if you have questions!!!!

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THE WAR ENDS

• May 8, 1945 Germany Surrenders
• August 6 Hiroshima
• August 8 Soviets vs. Japan
• August 14 Japan Gives Up (9/2/45)

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THE IRON CURTAIN

• February, 1947 USSR Expands
• Annexation, treaties, coalitions, etc.
• Why Expansionism?
• The Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan
• Soviet Consolidation

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KOREA

• Russias Interest and Strategy
• August 15, 1945 38th Parallel
• June 25, 1950 Invasion
• UN/US Reaction and Results
• July 1953 Armistice
• Stalin in Retrospect

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QUESTIONS???