Science and University Education Development in Russia

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Science and University Education Development in
Russia
Russian Federation Ministry of Education and
Science Far Eastern National University

• Boris L. Reznik, Dr.Sc., Professor
• First Vice President
• Vice President, Research
• Far Eastern National University

Prepared for the 2nd APRU Senior Staff Meeting,
March 21-23, 2005, the University of Auckland
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Peter the Great, Emperor of Russia
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First Scientists of the Russian Academy of
Sciences
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• Science turned out a direct productive force and
  scientists became a new social class producing a
  real product
• Karl Marx

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• At present, countries build strong economies and
  achieve an industrial growth basing on science.
• In developed countries, 80 of gross domestic
  product is ensured by the progress in
  knowledge-intensive technologies.

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Global Tendencies of Education and Science
Integration

• Universities are becoming the major resource for
  fundamental research.
• The quality of education is determined by the
  quality of research.
• High research culture is a necessary feature of
  the best universities.
• There is a direct relationship between the
  development of fundamental science and well-being
  of the society.
• The support of universities increases when
  science prospers and science prospers when
  universities flourish.

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Russian Higher Educational Institutions and
Research

• Only 38 of Russian higher educational
  institutions have funding for research
• Only 20 of faculty members are involved in
  research
• Only 3.6 of researchers work in universities

Research Budgets of Higher Education
Institutions vs Enterprizes ()
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Russian Federal Funding for University Research
()
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Ways of Higher School Development in the World
and in Russia

• The USA and other developed countries faced
  more active development of elite research
  universities which eventually became leading
  research and educational complexes.

In Russia after the collapse of Soviet
Union in 1991 many new universities have been
opened. This affected the quality of education.
Many of the new universities are engaged only in
teaching activities, not in research.
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Accreditation Characteristics of Far Eastern
National University (according to the standard
requirements of the Russian Federation Ministry
of Education and Science)
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FENU RESEARCH EDUCATIONAL CENTER
http//marbio-www.dvgu.ru/
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FENU Interregional Research in Social Sciences
RUSSIA AND THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION
COMPREHENSIVE SECURITY, CONFLICTS AND COOPERATION
IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Vladivostok Institute of International Relations
of the Asia Pacific Region
Institute of Management and Business
Institute of Oriental Studies
Institute of Law
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Joint Educational and Research Project of FENU
the Russian Academy of Sciences, Financed by the
Integration Program of the Russian Ministry of
Education and Science, 2002-2005
Far Eastern National University
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Far Eastern National University Divisions
Established jointly with the Russian Academy of
Sciences
School of Physics and Engineering
1997 ?.
Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science
1999 ?.
Computer Center with a supercomputer cluster
1999 ?.
Institute of Environment
1999 ?.
Academy of Ecology, Marine Biology and
Biotechnology
1999 ?.
Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and
Biotechnology
1996 ?.
Institute of Russian Language and Literature
2001 ?.
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FENU Major Research Areas
Mathematical and Physical Sciences

• Mathematical Analysis (Function Theory)
• Theory and applications of programming
  optimization. Methods of optimization.
• Mathematical modeling, methods of computing and
  applied mathematics and their use in fundamental
  research in different fields of knowledge.
• Picture processing and image discernment.
• Information processes in systems and nets.
• Theoretical and experimental physics of
  elementary particles and atomic nucleus.
• Physic and chemical nature of processes in Earth
  interior.
• Development of condensed condition theory.
  Physics of magnetic phenomena, magnetic materials
  and structures.
• Solid nanostuctures, overlattices, quantum
  systems with reduced dimension.

Chemical Sciences

• Organic synthesis. Identification of
  physiologically active compounds fit for
  practical purposes.
• Synthesis and research of elementorganic
  polymers and complex compounds. Research of
  sorption processes on Far Eastern carbon
  sorbents and zeolites.
• Chemistry of Environment, including atmosphere
  and ocean.
• Chemical antiperistasis of metals, rust
  protection, chemical source of electric energy.

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FENU Major Research Areas
Earth Sciences

• Research and monitoring of natural environment
  condition, Russian seas and world ocean
  resources, and change forecast.
• Research of contemporary climate changes and
  atmosphere process peculiarities above the Far
  East and Asia Pacific Region.
• Land hydrology, water resources, chemical
  hydrology.
• Physical geography, geophysics, geochemistry of
  landscapes.
• Deep structure of continents and oceans,
  geodynamics, and stressed state of Earths
  interior

Biological Sciences

• Genesis and structure if soil covering,
  biosphere functions of soil.
• Ichthyology. Ascertainment of taxonomical
  condition and relationship of animals (fish) of
  gamete structure research.
• Biochemistry. Research of polar lipids of marine
  organisms.
• Development biology, cytology and histology.
• Ecology of invertebrates, evolutional
  morphology, faunistics and systematics of
  extra-corporal nematodes.
• Ecology, biotesting, bioindication and
  biomonitoring of environment.

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FENU Major Research Areas
HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

• Individual as the subject of social alterations
  psychologistics problems
• Criminal law and criminology.
• Civil law, family law, civil procedure, and
  private international law.
• Criminal action, criminalistics, and operational
  retrieval activity.
• Theory and practice of labor law.
• Economics and national economic control.
• Finance, currency circulation, and credit.
• International economics and international
  economic relations.
• Accountancy and audit. International standards
  of financial accounting.
• Information systems in economics.
• Russian historiography.
• Archeology of the Far East.
• History of Asian countries.
• Civilizational processes on the Far East in
  XVII-early XX centuries. World history.
• Languages of Asian, Aborigine and American
  Indian nations.
• Literature of Asian nations.
• Cultural and language contacts.
• Russian literature of XX century. Poetics and
  genre structure.
• Theory and methodology of literary studies and
  linguistics.

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Joint Decision of the FENU Academic Council and
the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of
Sciences (November 4, 2004)

• Establishment of research and educational
  centers in the fields of materials science,
  economics and Korean Studies Department of Earth
  Science joint Department of Foreign Policy and
  International Relations in East Asia
• Establishment of the School of Geology in FENU
• Organization of training specialists in Natural
  Sciences for scientific institutions and
  knowledge-intensive industries located in the Far
  Eastern Federal Region.

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2000 Carnegie Corporation ClassificationFederal
Expenses for Science in U.S. Colleges and
Universities
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Contemporary Research University Infrastructure

• Scientific and organizational constituent
• Political and organizational constituent
• Material and technical constituent
• Innovation constituent.

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Contemporary Research University Infrastructure

• Scientific and organizational constituent

• Students are getting involved in the research
  process since their first year of study.
• Leading scientists of academic institutes
  (national laboratories) are involved in the
  teaching process.

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Contemporary Research University Infrastructure

• Political and organizational constituent

• Building public relations.
• Financing research universities.
• Developing relations with foundations,
  governmental and private institutions, and
  national laboratories

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Contemporary Research University Infrastructure
Material and technical constituent

• Establishment of supranational scientific
  cooperation within the framework of the
  distributed research university with the unique
  research equipment used and unique research
  programs implemented.
• Training highly qualified scientists.
• Cooperation between several universities,
  national laboratories and industrial enterprises
  for the purpose of combining technical facilities
  and joint use of the equipment.

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International Scientific Centers for Atomic
Nucleus and Elementary Particles Research
SEBAF

• CERN

Dubna
DESY
Spring-8
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FAR EASTERN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY RUSSIAN ACADEMY
OF SCIENCES JOINT PROJECT 2001-2006CENTER OF
SHARED SCIENTIFIC RESOURCES
LC HP 1100/ MSD
Bruker NMR-Spectrometer
Flash AE 1112 CHN-Analyzer
IR-, Uv- and Vis- Spectrophotometers
X-RAY SMART System
HP 6890/MSD Spectrometer
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Contemporary Research University Infrastructure
Innovation constituent

• Interrelations with industrial enterprises for
  the purpose of the efficient implementation of
  research projects.
• Researchs aim to promote the welfare of the
  community and mankind as a whole.

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International Experience in Fundamental and
Applied Research Development

• Russia
• Long term postwar concentration of financial,
  human and administrative resources on a few
  priority research fields funded by the USSR
  government.
• Achievements in space technologies,
  high-technology armaments, nuclear power, etc.
• Drawbacks in biological, computer and medical
  research.

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International Experience in Fundamental and
Applied Research Development

• The USA
• Postwar drift of federal funded laboratories to
  research universities.
• Competitive project funding for research.
• Establishing large scale national scientific
  centers.

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U.S. President's Executive Order of December 29,
2000 on Principles of Relations between the
Federal Government and American Research
Universities

• Research is an investment in the future of the
  country.
• The linkage between research and education is
  vital.
• Research must be conducted with integrity.
• Agency cost sharing policies and practices must
  be transparent.
• The U.S. Office of Science and Technology annual
  reports on the support of research universities
  should be submitted to the U.S. President
  personally.

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International Experience in Fundamental and
Applied Research Development

• Japan
• Intensive applied research in laboratories of
  large corporations.
• Implementing knowledge-intensive technologies
  based on global science achievements.
• Establishing large scale national centers of
  fundamental research during the last decades.
• Increasingly important role of universities in
  fundamental research.

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International Experience in Fundamental and
Applied Research Development

• China Project 211
• The project supports 100 top universities out of
  612 higher educational institutions of China.
• Investments in these 100 universities (out of all
  university research funding) incorporate
• 72 for research
• 54 for purchasing equipment
• 31 for library stocks.
• The students learning at these universities
  include
• 84 of all Doctoral Students
• 69 of all Masters Students.

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University Global Communitys Concerns
changes in economical and political environment
losing stability
increasing consumer demand for the quality of
research, technological projects and educational
services
reducing federal funding
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Research University is a Modern Answer to the
Need for Integration between Education and Science

• A research university is a large economic subject
  characterized by
• developed innovation infrastructure
• advanced training of highly qualified
  specialists
• wide international relations
• intensive fundamental research
• numerous sources of funding.

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Present Role of Higher Education

• Building a society based on knowledge is the way
  chosen by all developed countries.
• Knowledge is created by the educated people.
• Education in a postindustrial society becomes the
  key supplier of a new productive force the
  class of researchers.
• The leader of the modern educational system is
  the research university providing a high-quality
  education by means of interaction between
  education and research.

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Priorities of Russian Higher Education Development

• Developing more effective financial policies
• Integrating of research and education
• Administrative and legal reforms
• Attracting young talented people to research and
  teaching
• Promoting of research commercialization

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Thank You for Your Attention
FAR EASTERN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY www.fenu.ru