Researching

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Researching Using Literary Sources

• ICPU ENG 4C
• To Kill A Mockingbird

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Purpose

• To develop research skills (information
  skills) for academic work
• Define your information need.
• Obtain the required information efficiently and
  effectively.
• Use the information appropriately.

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Content

• Finding literary reference sources
• Finding books, articles, web sites
• Defining and avoiding plagiarism
• Citation

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Research Skills 5 Steps

• Define your topic
• Select your sources
• Locate and access
• Evaluate
• Use ethically

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1. Define your topic

• Write an introductory essay on To Kill a
  Mockingbird
• - An introductory essay contains
• Genre
• Theme
• Symbol
• Structure
• Characters

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To Kill a Mockingbird

• To Kill a Mockingbird (1960 )
• by Harper Lee (1926 - )

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• President George W. Bush presents Harper Lee with
  the Presidential Medal of Freedom at the White
  House on November 5, 2007.

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Background Time Place

• Period 1930s (1935-1938)
• Place American South, The South
• Alabama, Arkansas,
• Louisiana, Mississippi

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Background Events

• Events
• - Jim Crow a law enacted in the South
  between 1876 - 1965
• - Scottsboro Trials trial of 9 African
  American teenagers

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Scotsborro Trial (1931-1937)

• University of Missouri - http//www.law.umkc.edu/f
  aculty/projects/ FTrials/scottsboro/SB_HRrep.html
• ThinkQuest Library -http//www.thinkquest.org/libr
  ary/

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Jim Crow

• Ferris State University, Michigan
  -www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/what.htm
• Public Broadcasting Corporation -
  www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/

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Start Searching Reading
2. Select your Sources

• Read the complete and unabridged edition
• - Norton critical edition
• - Oxford worlds classics
• - Penguin classics

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Library Online Catalogue
3. Locate and Access

• Search for literary reference sources (printed
  materials)
• Search for (options)
  - title
  -
  author
  - subject

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Subject
Library of Congress Subject Headings

• English literature
• American literature
• English literature - 19th century
• Criticism - Dictionaries
• English literature - Dictionaries
• English literature - Encyclopedias
• Literature - Dictionaries
• Criticism - Dictionaries

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Library of Congress Subject Headings
Subject

• United States history - 1933-1945
• Racism - United States
• African Americans - Civil rights - History - 20th
  century
• Race discrimination - Law and legislation -
  United States - History - 20th century

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Subject Search
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Online Resources (Online Database)

• Encyclopedia Britannica Online
• Ebrary

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Journal Articles

• Search Academic Source Complete - EBSCOhost
• Search Google and Google Scholar
• Keyword
• - to kill a mockingbird
• - Harper Lee
• - literary essay
• - literary criticism
• - criticism
• - critical essay
• - civil rights movement
• - racism
• - social discrimination

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http//scholar.google.com
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Internet Resources / Websites

• eNotes.com - http//www.enotes.com/mockingbird/
• SparkNotes -
• www.sparknotes.com/lit/mocking/
• To kill a Mockingbird Student Survival Guide -
• www.lausd.k12.ca.us/Belmont_HS/tkm/
• Homework Online Study Guide -
• http//www.homework-online.com/tkamb/index.asp
• GradeSaver -
• http//www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/titles/kill
  mockingbird/section2.html

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4. Evaluate

• Looking at search results
• Relevant to topic?
• Reliable source?
• Reliability of information
• Authority
• Accuracy
• Bias
• Currency

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Plagiarism
5. Use

• Plagiarism the act of presenting someone
  elses work or ideas as your own

Quoting without citing Using ideas
without citing
Cut-and-paste, copying, stealing, borrowing,
hiring
DELIBERATE
ACCIDENTAL
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Using Sources

• Quote use exact words of the source with
  quotation marks ( )
• Paraphrase restate in your own words
• Summarize condense a longer passage
• In ALL cases, you must cite the source

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MLA style - Citing book

• In-text citation
• - Human beings have been described as
  "symbol-
• using animals" (Burke 3).
• or
• - Burke pointed out that human beings have
  been
• described as "symbol-using animals" (3).
• In Works Cited/Bibliography
• - Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic
  Action Essays on Life, Literature, and Method.
  Berkeley University of California Press, 1966.

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MLA style - Citing journals article

• In- text citation
• The first gambling Web site appeared in 1995, and
  online gambling has since become the most
  lucrative Internet business (Will 92).
• or
• George Will reported that in 2002 Internet
  gambling surpassed pornography to become the
  Internet's most lucrative business (92).
• In Works Cited/Bibliography
• Will, George F. "Electronic Morphine." Newsweek
  25 Nov. 2002 92.

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MLA style - Citing website

• In- text citation
• "Parents know in advance, and with near
  certainty, that they will be addicted to their
  children" (Landsburg).
• or
• According to Landsburg, "Parents know in
  advance, and with near certainty, that they will
  be addicted to their children" .
• In Works Cited/Bibliography
• Landsburg, Steven E. "Who Shall Inherit the
  Earth?" Slate 1 May 1997. 1 Oct. 1999
  
  Economics.asp.

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MLA Citation Guide

• Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana -
  http//owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/01/
  
• Cornell University Library - http//www.library.co
  rnell.edu/t/help/res_strategy/ citing/mla.html
• University of California Berkeley Library -
  http//www.lib.berkeley.edu/instruct/guides/mlasty
  le. pdf
• Online! A reference guide to using Internet
  sources http//www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cit
  e5.html