What is GIS

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What is GIS?

• GIS Information System for Geography.

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What is GIS?

• Geographic/Geospatial Information
• Information about places on the earths surface
• Knowledge about what is where when
• Geographic/Geospatial Information Technologies
• Technologies for creating and processing this
  information
• Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
• Remote Sensing (RM)
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• The S in GIS
• Systems the technology
• Science the concepts and theory
• Studies the societal context.

3
GIS

• A computer-based system for
• Capturing (data input)
• Storing (in various formats)
• Manipulating (editing, subtracting, etc.)
• Displaying (map, graphs, tables, etc.)
• Querying (finding subsets of data)
• Analyzing (seeing relationships between variables
  or parameters)
• of geographically referenced data.

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GIS is more than a digital map

• GIS Dynamic relations between spatial data
  (georeferenced) and relational data (attribute of
  features in tabular forms)
• GIS can show descriptions of a feature in form of
  maps (e.g. query)
• You can get description of a feature shown on a
  map (e.g. identify).

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Parts of a GIS

• Database
• Spatial or map information
• Some way of linking the two.

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GIS Connects Graphics to Data
Somenahalli, Sekhar, University of South Australia
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Somenahalli, Sekhar, University of South Australia
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Conceptual Model of GIS
GIS themes, layers, or coverages
The real world
Somenahalli, Sekhar, University of South Australia
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Business use of GIS

• What Can You Do with GIS?
• Map Where Things Are
• Map Quantities
• Map Densities
• Find What's Inside
• Find What's Nearby
• Map Change
• Some Business use of GIS include
• Retail site selection customer analysis
• Logistics vehicle tracking routing
• Natural resource exploration (petroleum, etc.)
• Precision agriculture
• Civil engineering and construction
• Real Estate Neighborhood land prices, Traffic
  Impact Analysis, Determination of Highest and
  Best Use

10
Views of a GIS

• The Database View
• The Map View
• The Model View

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The Database View

• A unique kind of database of the worlda
  geographic database (geodatabase).
• Based on a structured database that describes the
  world in geographic terms.
• Learn more.

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The Map View

• A set of intelligent maps and other views that
  show features and feature relationships on the
  earth's surface.
• Maps of the underlying geographic information can
  be constructed and used as "windows into the
  database" to support queries, analysis, and
  editing of the information.
• This is called geovisualization. Learn more.

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The Model View

• A set of information transformation tools that
  derive new geographic datasets from existing
  datasets.
• These geoprocessing functions take information
  from existing datasets, apply analytic functions,
  and write results into new derived datasets.
  Learn more.
• By combining data and applying some analytic
  rules, you can create a model that helps answer
  the question you have posed.
• First Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster Media
  MapBase Search Vector With Rainbow Debris Buffer
  , February 1, 2003.

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Types of Data Models
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ArcGIS Family of Products

• Desktop GIS
• Server GIS
• Developers GIS
• Mobile GIS
• GIS Web Services
• Lightweight Viewers

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Introduction to ArcGIS

• How data are stored in ArcGIS
• Components of ArcGIS ArcMap, ArcCatalog and
  ArcToolbox
• Extensions of ArcGIS spatial analyst,
  geostatistical analyst and 3D analyst